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Old Kingdom of Egypt
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2613-2181 BCE) is also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza...

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Shang Dynasty of China, c. 1100 BCE
This map illustrates the rise and expansion of the Shang dynasty, which emerged around 1600 BCE after the fall of the Xia dynasty. Centered on the North China Plain, the Shang established a hereditary monarchy with a centralized government...

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Tang Dynasty of China, c. 669 CE
A map illustrating the Tang Dynasty of China at its greatest extent under the rule of Emperor Gaozong, encompassing modern-day China, parts of Central Asia, and the Korean Peninsula. Around 669, the Empire reached its pinnacle of economic...

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The Merovingian Dynasty, c. 639
This map illustrates the rise and expansion of the Merovingians, a Frankish dynasty that, by the late 5th century, unified the fragmented tribes of present-day France, Germany, the Low Countries, Switzerland, and Austria. Beginning with Clovis...

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Liao Dynasty Map
A map indicating the territory controlled by the Liao dynasty (Khitans), 907-1125 CE.

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Celadon Fish-Dragon Ewer, Goryeo Dynasty
A celadon fish-dragon ewer. 12th century CE, Goryeo Dynasty, Korea. (National Museum of Korea, Soul, South Korea)

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Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty, 1206-1290
This map illustrates the foundation and expansion of the Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty (also spelled Mameluke, Arabic: مملوك, mamlūk, meaning "one who is owned," a slave), which ruled northern India from 1206 to 1290. Established...

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Third Dynasty of Ur c.2050-1950 BCE - Sumerian Temples, Tablets, and the Birth of Legal Tradition in Ancient Mesopotamia
This map illustrates the rise of the Sumerian city-state of Ur following the collapse of the Akkadian Empire (reign: circa 2334–2154 BCE). In the aftermath of political fragmentation and regional instability, Ur emerged as a leading center...

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Map of Yuan Dynasty China
A map indicating the territory of the Mongol Yuan dynasty of China (1271-1368 CE).

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The Roman Empire during the Flavian Dynasty, 69 - 96 CE
A map illustrating the territorial extent and political boundaries of the Roman Empire during the Flavian Dynasty, around 96 CE. Although a short-lived sequence of reigns from Vespasian (69 - 79 CE) through Titus (79 – 81 CE), until Domitian...