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Colonial Government in the Spanish Empire
Article by Mark Cartwright

Colonial Government in the Spanish Empire

The apparatus of colonial government in the Spanish Empire consisted of multiple levels, starting with the monarchy and Council of the Indies at the top and moving down to the viceroy, audiencias, mayors, and local councils. The system was...
Colonial American Currency
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Colonial American Currency

Colonial American currency was a work in progress from the time of the earliest English settlements of the 1600s until the United States of America minted its own money in 1783. The monetary system was far from standardized, and trade within...
Formal Attire in Colonial America
Image by U.S. History Images

Formal Attire in Colonial America

A drawing of a couple in traditional Colonial American formal attire. The woman wears a richly decorated brocade dress with floral designs, while the man is dressed in a suit of uncut velvet and holds a tricorne hat. From Historic Dress in...
Sugar Act
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Sugar Act

The Sugar Act of 1764, also known as the American Revenue Act, was legislation passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on 5 April 1764 to crack down on molasses smuggling in the American colonies and to raise revenue to pay for the colonies'...
Native Peoples of North America
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Native Peoples of North America

The Native Peoples of North America (also known as American Indians, Native Americans, Indigenous Americans, and First Americans) are the original inhabitants of North America believed to have migrated into the region between 40,000-14,000...
The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction
Article by Gordon Campbell / Oxford University Press

The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction

The idea that it was the Norse who discovered America first emerged in the late 18th century, long before there was any public awareness of the sagas on which such claims were based. In the course of the 19th century, evidence for a Norse...
Understanding Money in Colonial America
Video by Huntington Militia Living History

Understanding Money in Colonial America

Michael Goudket, the Adjutant General of the Order of the Ancient & Honorable Huntington Militia, explains currency used in 18th Century Colonial America. To better understand daily life and material culture in Colonial America, one must...
Virginia Slave Laws and Development of Colonial American Slavery
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Virginia Slave Laws and Development of Colonial American Slavery

Racialized chattel slavery developed in the English colonies of North America between 1640-1660 and was fully institutionalized by 1700. Although slavery was practiced in the New England and Middle colonies, and Massachusetts Bay Colony passed...
The History of Colonial America
Video by Flocabulary

The History of Colonial America

The video describes characteristics of the the three main groups of the 13 colonies: New England, Middle and Southern. Students will learn about geography, education, religion, economic systems, social patterns, and treatment and enslavement...
Interview: Living in Silverado: Secret Jews in the Silver Mining Towns of Colonial Mexico
Interview by James Blake Wiener

Interview: Living in Silverado: Secret Jews in the Silver Mining Towns of Colonial Mexico

Professor Emeritus David Gitlitz is one of the world’s leading experts on Jewish-Catholic interactions in Iberia and the Americas. While initially drawn to the literature of the Spanish Golden Age as a student at Oberlin and Harvard, the...
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