Charles Darwin: Did you mean...?

James II of England (r. 1685-1688) reigned briefly as the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland until he was deposed by the Glorious Revolution of November 1688. James, also known as James VII of Scotland, was the fourth Stuart monarch...

Portrait of Talleyrand, oil on canvas by François Gérard, 1808. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

A 19th-century painting by Paul Delaroche titled "Charles I Insulted by Cromwell's Soldiers". Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was handed over to the Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) in 1648 during the English Civil...

Charles Philippe de France, comte d'Artois (1757-1836), during the French Revolution, oil on canvas painting by Henri-Pierre Danloux, 1798. As the youngest brother of King Louis XVI, Artois was one of the first emigres to flee France after...

A map indicating in red the territory controlled by Charles the Simple, aka Charles III of West Francia (r. 893-923 CE)

A silver coin of Charles the Simple, aka Charles III of France (r. 879-929 CE).

Gisela of France was a legendary 10th-century CE Francian princess, who, according to tradition, was married off to Viking leader Rollo of Normandy. Her name, Gisela or Gisla, comes from an Old German word meaning "to pledge", the French...

A c. 1649 painting showing the execution of Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) in London on 30 January 1649. By Jan Weesop. (Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh)

The signed and sealed death warrant for the execution of Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) in London on 30 January 1649. National Archives, London.

A 19th-century painting showing Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) and Prince Rupert before the Battle of Naseby with Parliamentary forces during the English Civil Wars. The battle took place on 14 June 1645 and was lost by the Royalists.