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Map of the Growth of Christianity in the Roman Empire - From Early Communities to Imperial Christianity, 30–451
The growth of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the 1st to the 5th centuries transformed a small religious movement rooted in Roman Judaea into one...
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Map of the Trade Networks of the Roman Empire - Commerce & the Connectivity in the Mediterranean 1-3 c. CE
The prosperity of the Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE in the West) rested not only on military power and administration but also on an extensive network of maritime...
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Neo-Assyrian Empire c. 912-612 BCE
Map of the Neo-Assyrian Empire c. 912-612 BCE, showing expansion by Shalmeneser III (r. c. 859-824 BCE), Tiglath-Pileser III (r. c. 745-727 BCE), Sargon II (r. c. 722-705 BCE), Sennacherib (r. c. 705-681 BCE), and...
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Marcus Aurelius: The Philosopher & Emperor of the Roman Empire
Marcus Aurelius (r. 161 to 180 CE) was a Roman emperor best known as the last of the Five Good Emperors of Rome (following Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius) and as the author of the...
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Roads of the Roman Empire
This map shows all the major roads in the Roman Empire. This map was created for Ancient History Encyclopedia using the Antiquity A-La-Carte application by the Ancient World Mapping Center at UNC Chapel Hill under a Creative...
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Marriage in the Ancient Roman Empire
Love, sex, and marriage in ancient Rome were defined by the patriarchy. The head of the household was the father (the pater familias) who had complete control over the lives of his wife, children, and slaves. This...
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Ashurbanipal
Ashurbanipal (r. 668-627 BCE, also known as Assurbanipal) was the last of the great kings of Assyria. His name means "the god Ashur is creator of an heir" and he was the son of King Esarhaddon of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In the Hebrew...
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Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) was an English historian most famous for his influential work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume one of which was published in 1776, with the final sixth volume coming in 1788...
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Attila the Hun
Attila the Hun (r. 434-453 CE) was the leader of the ancient nomadic people known as the Huns and ruler of the Hunnic Empire, which he established. His name means "Little Father" and, according to some historians, may not have...
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Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was the European appanage of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE). Begun in earnest by Batu Khan in 1227 CE, the territory that would eventually become the Golden Horde came to encompass parts of Central Asia, much of...