Bulgaria: Did you mean...?

The provinces Noricum, Raetia, and Dacia served as a buffer protecting Roman Empire against any possible outside threat. However, the region posed several internal problems for Rome: Pannonia and its ally Dalmatia rebelled against Roman occupancy...

The province of Moesia was vital to the Roman military’s protection of the Balkans. Subdued by the Roman commander Marcus Licinius Crassus in 29 BCE, it was initially part of Macedonia. Due to its location along the Danube, it became essential...

This map illustrates the shifting frontiers of the Byzantine Empire from the accession of Justinian I (reign circa 527 - 565) to the Fourth Crusade's sack of Constantinople in 1204, showing how the Greek-speaking eastern Roman state acted...

The missions of Saints Cyril and Methodius transformed the religious and cultural development of Central and Eastern Europe during the 9th century. Sent by Michael III (reign 842-867) from the Eastern Roman Empire (“Byzantine Empire”) to...

The mid-19th century transformation of Europe was driven above all by the unification of Italy and Germany, which reduced long-standing political fragmentation and introduced powerful new nation-states into an already competitive continental...

The Roman province of Thrace, formally annexed in 46 CE, was a strategically important region of the Roman Empire by 200 CE. Situated in southeastern Europe (modern-day Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, and European Turkey), Thrace's fertile...

Gold phiale (shallow bowl) from the Panagyurishte treasure, early 3rd century BCE. National Historical Museum - Sofia/Plovdiv Archaeological Museum Photography: Oleg Konstantinov, Plovdiv Regional Historical Museum, Bulgaria (used with...

The map shows the position of Triballian territory on Balkan Peninsula between the 4th century BCE and Celtic invasion of 279 BCE, when the Triballi tribe was pushed further east. The Triballi were a Thracian tribe inhabiting the area...

Bronze figurine of a female athlete, found in the archaeological site of Samoil's Fortress in Ohrid, North Macedonia, 2nd to 1st centuries BCE. NI Institute for Protection of Monuments of Culture and Museum of Ohrid. Tsar Samoil's Fortress...

A Thracian gold pectoral. From a king's tomb at Dalboki, Bulgaria. 500-400 BCE. (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford)