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Katas Raj
Definition by Muhammad Bin Naveed

Katas Raj

The Katas Raj Temples near Chakwal in Punjab province of Pakistan are attributed to the eras of the Hindu Shahis (kings) dating from about 615-950 CE and are dedicated to Lord Shiva. As such they constitute one of the most important Hindu...
Indian Princely States
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Indian Princely States

The Indian Princely states (aka Native States or Princely India) were those states in the Indian subcontinent the British did not conquer but which were typically bound by treaty first to the East India Company and then to the British Crown...
Map of the British Raj c. 1930
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the British Raj c. 1930

A map illustrating the British Raj around 1930, a period of direct British rule over the Indian subcontinent that began in 1858. Following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, the British Parliament passed...
British Somaliland
Definition by Mark Cartwright

British Somaliland - The Protectorate on the Horn of Africa

The Somaliland Protectorate, more informally and better known as British Somaliland, was created in 1884 and ruled by Great Britain until independence was won in 1960, when the Somali Republic was formed. Strategically important at the mouth...
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre - The British Atrocity at Amritsar

The 13 April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (aka Amritsar Massacre) was an infamous episode of brutality which saw General Dyer order his troops to open fire on an unarmed crowd of men, women, and children trapped in an abandoned walled garden...
Sacred Pool, Katas Raj Temples, Pakistan
Image by Muhammad Bin Naveed

Sacred Pool, Katas Raj Temples, Pakistan

The sacred pool at Katas Raj Temples, said to have sprung from the tears of Shiva at the loss of his wife Satti. It is said to be the twin of the pool at Puruksha at Ajmer and is considered to be where the Pandawa brothers of the Mahabharata...
Ram Chandra Temple (Katas Raj)
Image by Dr. Muhammad Kashif Ali

Ram Chandra Temple (Katas Raj)

The Ram Chandra temple is a prominent part of Katas Raj complex of early Hinduism, situated in the District of Chakwal in the Punjab, Pakistan. This site is a complex and dates back to the 3rd century BCE. A Buddhist Stupa is the oldest structure...
Delhi Durbar
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Delhi Durbar

The Delhi Durbar was a spectacular public event held in India to commemorate the accession of a new British monarch to the title Empress or Emperor of India. Three Delhi Durbars were held: 1877, 1903, and 1911. The event involved military...
Sath Graha at Katas Raj
Image by Muhammad Bin Naveed

Sath Graha at Katas Raj

Sath Graha or Seven Temples in the background with ruins of the Buddhist era stupa in the fore. The Temples date to the Hindu Shahi period (615-950 CE) and the Stupa is from the Asokan period at its earliest as described by Cunningham but...
British Concentration Camps in the Boer War
Article by Mark Cartwright

British Concentration Camps in the Boer War

The British authorities controversially used concentration camps for civilians during the Boer War (1899-1902) in Southern Africa. The reason was to deprive Boer guerrilla fighters of logistical support and provide some sort of accommodation...
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