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A map of Erie Canal c. 1840. The canal, constructed between 1817 and 1825, stretches 363 miles (584 km) from the Hudson River at Albany, New York, to Lake Erie at Buffalo, New York.

Reproduction of a handbill advertising a slave auction in Charleston, British Colony of South Carolina, 1769.

Opening ceremony of the First Ottoman Parliament at the Dolmabahçe Palace in 1876 CE. The First Constitutional Era lasted for only two years until 1878 CE. The Ottoman Constitution and Parliament were restored 30 years later with the Young...

Polychrome plate depicting two women exchanging wreaths, the woman on the right grasps the other's chin. Made in Thera, Greece, c. 620 BCE. (Archaeological Museum of Thera)

Cooper engraving presenting a reformer and theologian Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt (l. 1486-1541). Created around 1522.

15th Century CE depiction of Franciscan monks treating people suffering from leprosy.

Aztec god Quetzalcoatl and a hummingbird, book illustration included in the Codex Magliabechiano by unknown artist, p. 61r, c. 1550. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence.

Portrait of Isabella I of Castile (1451-1504). c. 1490. Oil on panel. Collection of the Museo Nacional del Prado in Madrid, Spain.

Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester (1215–1275), Illuminated Manuscript Unknown Artist, c. 1300-1308. Taken from the Genealogical Roll of the Kings of England. (British Library, London)

Barry Strauss is the Corliss Page Dean Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Bryce and Edith M. Bowmar Professor in Humanistic Studies Emeritus at Cornell University. Strauss is a 2025 recipient of the prestigious Bradley Prize...