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Abu Simbel, Sanctuary of the Temple of Ramesses II
In the sanctuary inside the Temple of Ramesses II (Great Temple) at Abu Simbel are rock-cut sculptures of four seated figures: Ra-Horakhty, the deified king Ramesses, and the gods Amun Ra and Ptah. The architects of ancient Egypt in the 13th...

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Abu Simbel, Facade of the Temple of Ramesses II
The Great Temple at Abu Simbel was built by Ramesses II and completed around 1264 BCE. It stands 98 feet (30 metres) high and 115 feet (35 metres) long with four seated colossi flanking the entrance, two to each side, depicting Ramesses II...

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Abu Simbel - Work in Progess
View of work in progress, during the repositioning of the temples of Abu Simbel, relocated 60 meters high and 200 meters back from its original position

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Abu Simbel, Facade of the Temple of Hathor
The Temple of Hathor or "Small Temple" was constructed during the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1279 - c. 1213 BCE). The Small Temple was dedicated to the goddess Hathor and Queen Nefertari, Ramesses' favourite wife. On the facade, six colossi...

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Abu Simbel Interior
Inside the Great Temple The architects of ancient Egypt in the 13th century BCE aligned the temple so that , on October 21 and February 21 (61 days before and 61 days after the winter solstice), the sun’s rays enter into the sanctuary...

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Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE) was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE, as the first four caliphs are referred to by the Sunni Muslims). He was an early convert of Islam and one of the close companions of the Islamic...

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Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)
Islam arose as a religious and socio-political force in Arabia in the 7th century CE (610 CE onwards). The Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), despite facing resistance and persecution, amassed a huge following and started building...

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Scaffolding Arch of Abu Simbel Great Temple, 1966
International campaign for the safeguarding of the Nubian monuments launched by UNESCO. In this photo, you can see the first arch of the scaffolding for the dome of the Great Temple of Abu Simbel under erection on its new site. Abu Simbel...

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Abu Mena (UNESCO/NHK)
The church, baptistry, basilicas, public buildings, streets, monasteries, houses and workshops in this early Christian holy city in Egypt were built over the tomb of the martyr Menas of Alexandria, who died in A.D. 296. Source: UNESCO...

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Statues Outside the Temple of Abu Simbel
Statues outside the temple of Abu Simbel, Egypt. Coloured lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1849 CE. Wellcome Collection, London. David Roberts travelled in the Middle East and North Africa, particularly Egypt, from 1838 to...