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Abu Simbel Interior
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Abu Simbel Interior

Inside the Great Temple The architects of ancient Egypt in the 13th century BCE aligned the temple so that , on October 21 and February 21 (61 days before and 61 days after the winter solstice), the sun’s rays enter into...
Abu Simbel, Facade of the Temple of Ramesses II
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Abu Simbel, Facade of the Temple of Ramesses II

The Great Temple at Abu Simbel was built by Ramesses II and completed around 1264 BCE. It stands 98 feet (30 metres) high and 115 feet (35 metres) long with four seated colossi flanking the entrance, two...
Ridda Wars
Definition

Ridda Wars

The Ridda Wars or the Wars of Apostasy (632-633 CE) were a series of military engagements between the armies of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE) and the renegade tribes of Arabia. The rebels had renounced their allegiance with...
Abu Mena (UNESCO/NHK)
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Abu Mena (UNESCO/NHK)

The church, baptistry, basilicas, public buildings, streets, monasteries, houses and workshops in this early Christian holy city in Egypt were built over the tomb of the martyr Menas of Alexandria, who died in A.D. 296...
Rashidun Caliphate
Definition

Rashidun Caliphate

The first four caliphs of the Islamic empire – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali are referred to as Rashidun (rightly guided) Caliphs (632-661 CE) by mainstream Sunni Muslims. Their tenure started with the death of Prophet Muhammad...
Umar
Definition

Umar

Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE) was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE, as the first four caliphs are referred to by the Sunni Muslims). He was an early convert of Islam and one of the close companions of the Islamic...
UNESCO's Nubia & Abu Simbel Campaign
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UNESCO's Nubia & Abu Simbel Campaign

This collection is really dear to us as it is the fruit of our new collaboration and partnership with the UNESCO Archives. They have digitized a vast amount of resources that can be found on their platform and...
Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)
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Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)

Islam arose as a religious and socio-political force in Arabia in the 7th century CE (610 CE onwards). The Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), despite facing resistance and persecution, amassed a huge following...
Fatimah bint Muhammad
Definition

Fatimah bint Muhammad

Fatimah (born between 605 and 615 CE, died sometime in 632 CE; date of death is disputed) was the youngest daughter of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE) and his first wife Khadija (l. 555-619 CE). Taking up after...
Scaffolding Arch of Abu Simbel Great Temple, 1966
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Scaffolding Arch of Abu Simbel Great Temple, 1966

International campaign for the safeguarding of the Nubian monuments launched by UNESCO. In this photo, you can see the first arch of the scaffolding for the dome of the Great Temple of Abu Simbel under...
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