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An image of the remnants of Tycho's Supernova, first observed by Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) in November 1572. Image taken by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.

A map of the Moon's surface drawn in 1647 by Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), the Polish astronomer. (Bodleian Library, Oxford)

An illustration of the solar system by Martin Kornmesser. From The International Astronomical Union.

A colourised c. 1667 CE portrait of Adam Schall (1591-1666 CE), A Jesuit missionary and scholar who introduced many new scientific ideas into China. (Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles)

An 18th-century engraving of the Paris Observatory, founded in 1667. Image taken from Wolf, Charles J. E. (1902) Histoire de l’Observatoire de Paris de sa fondation a 1793.

A modern statue of Maria Cunitz (1610-1664), the German-Polish astronomer, in Swidnica in Poland. The figure is holding Cunitz's book Urania Propitia, published in 1650.

A c. 1598 coloured lithographic print showing the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) and the mural quadrant he used to measure the elevation of heavenly bodies at his observatory, Uraniborg. (Roman Picture Library and Royal Astronomical...

This is the latest datable clay tablet in the British Museum. It gives the monthly positions of the planets in the zodiac signs and the dates of their characteristic phenomena. Dates of solstices, equinoxes, and eclipses are also given. The...

A print showing the Royal Observatory in Greenwich near London, founded in 1675. Engraving by Francis Place after Robert Thacker c. 1678. (British Library, London)

An image captured in 1986 of Halley's Comet, named after the English scientist and cartographer Edmond Halley (1656-1742) who accurately predicted its orbit in relation to Earth.