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History verifies the importance of religion not only on a society's development but also on its survival; in this respect the Romans were no different than other ancient civilizations. During the formative years of the Roman Republic, especially...

The Battle of Immae (272 CE) was fought between the forces of the Roman emperor Aurelian (270-275 CE) and those of the Palmyrene Empire of Zenobia (267-273 CE) resulting in a Roman victory and, ultimately, the capture of Zenobia and an end...

A recreation of the Roman empress Valeria Messalina (c. 20-22 CE-48 CE), wife of the emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 CE). Messalina's facial features are very loosely based on a combination of Roman portraits and artistic license. Messalina is...

A 17th-century map by Jan van Loon of the cosmos as proposed by the astronomer and geographer Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 - c. 170 CE).

The map of the world created by the astronomer and geographer Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 - c. 170 CE). From a 15th-century book by Leinhart Holle. Made by the German cartographer Donnus Nicholas Germanus.

A 19th century CE painting by Claudius Jacquand showing Sir Thomas More (1478-1535 CE) with his wife and daughter during his imprisonment in the Tower of London for treason against Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE). (Museum of Fine...

The remains of the tomb marker of Roman commander Marcus Claudius Marcellus who was killed in an ambush in the town in 208 BCE. Venusia, modern Venosa, southern Italy.

Aside from the usual contributions of its noble politicians and military commanders, the story of a nation also records the invaluable literary influences of its poets, dramatists, and historians. The long history of the Roman Empire is no...

The Saxons were a Germanic people of the region north of the Elbe River stretching from Holstein (in modern-day Germany) to the North Sea. The Saxons who migrated to Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries CE along with the Angles, Frisians...

It has been said that the greatest enemy of Rome was Rome itself, and this is certainly true of the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284). During this time of almost 50 years, over 20...