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Interview
Interview: Ave Caesar! Romans, Gauls and Germanic tribes on the Banks of the Rhine
In ancient times, the Rhine was a major communications artery stretching right across Europe, allowing trade, contacts, and cultural exchange between different regions. Then as now, the river was of immense importance strategically for controlling...

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Legions of the Rhine Frontier
After Julius Caesar’s (100-44 BCE) conquest of Gaul, Roman legions pushed the borders of the Roman Empire’s frontier to the banks of the Rhine River. Augustus (r. 27 BCE - 14 CE) divided the newly acquired region into three provinces: Gallia...

Article
The Batavian Revolt
Batavian revolt was a rebellion of the Batavians against the Romans in 69-70 CE. After initial successes by their commander Julius Civilis, the Batavians were ultimately defeated by the Roman general Quintus Petillius Cerialis. The year...

Definition
Spanish Main
The Spanish Main refers, in its widest sense, to the Spanish Empire in the Americas from Florida in the north to the northern coast of Brazil in the south, including the Caribbean. The term was initially more limited and referred only to...

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Map of the Rhine frontier of the Roman empire, 70AD
Rhine frontier of the Roman empire, 70AD, showing the location of the Batavi in the Rhine delta region. Roman territory shaded darker.

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Danube River
Danube River delta in Romania.

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Treskavac Mountain, River Danube
The Treskavac cliff on the left bank of the Danube (Romania) overlooking the prehistoric site of Lepenski Vir.

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Germanic Forces Cross the Rhine, 406 CE
Germanic forces cross the Rhine and invade the Roman Empire in 406 CE. Illustration by Zvonimir Grbasic.

Article
Treasure Ports of the Spanish Main
The treasure ports of the Spanish Main such as Cartagena, Portobelo, Panama, and Veracruz were used to collect the riches the Spanish Empire had extracted from the Americas, ready for transport in the two annual treasure fleets back to Europe...

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Rhine Frontier of the Roman Empire, 4th century CE.
A map showing the Rhine frontier of the Roman Empire in the 4th century CE.