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Ҫatalhöyük
Definition by Nathalie Choubineh

Ҫatalhöyük

Ҫatalhöyük is one of the largest Neolithic settlements ever discovered. Built more than 9000 years ago in modern Konya Plain, central Turkey, it is known in archaeology as a proto-city, a link between the cave-dwellings of prehistoric hunter-gatherers...
White Bull
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

White Bull

White Bull (Tatanka Ska, l. 1849-1947) was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux warrior, nephew of Sitting Bull (l. c. 1837-1890), who is among the many claimed to have killed Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer (l. 1839-1876) at the Battle of the Little...
Sitting Bull
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sitting Bull

Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka, l. c. 1837-1890) was a Hunkpapa Sioux holy man, warrior, leader, and symbol of traditional Sioux values and resistance to the United States' expansionist policies. He is among the best-known Native American...
Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük
Image by Carole Raddato

Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük

The Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük is a 8,000-year-old Neolithic baked-clay figurine unearthed at Çatalhöyük, a Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia which existed from approximately 7100 BCE to 5700 BCE (inscribed...
Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven

Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven is a Sumerian poem relating the event, now famous from The Epic of Gilgamesh, in which the goddess Inanna/Ishtar sends the celestial bull to attack Gilgamesh after he has rejected her advances. The epic changes...
Çatalhöyük
Image by Omar Hoftun

Çatalhöyük

Excavations at the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük, Turkey.
Charles A. Eastman on Sitting Bull
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Charles A. Eastman on Sitting Bull

In his Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains (1916), Sioux author and physician Charles A. Eastman (also known as Ohiyesa, l. 1858-1939), includes a brief biography of the Sioux chief Sitting Bull (l. c. 1837-1890). While some of Eastman's claims...
Apis
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Apis

Apis was the most important and highly regarded bull deity of ancient Egypt. His original name in Egyptian was Api, Hapi, or Hep; Apis is the Greek name. He is not, however, associated with the god Hapi/Hep who was linked to the inundation...
Catalhoyuk (Catal Huyuk) and the Dawn of Civilization
Video by History with Cy

Catalhoyuk (Catal Huyuk) and the Dawn of Civilization

This video takes a quick look at the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük (a.k.a. Catal Huyuk), one of the most impressive and complete Neolithic, or "new stone age" villages ever discovered.
Civilization
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Civilization

Civilization (from the Latin civis=citizen and civitas=city) is a term applied to any society which has developed a writing system, government, production of surplus food, division of labor, and urbanization. The term is difficult to define...
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