Images

A c. 1850 lithographic print, The Alchemist, by Celestin Nanteuil. The figure is in possession of the typical apparatus of alchemy such as a condenser and furnace. (Science Museum, London)

As part of Herod the Great's building program, as Herod's Harbor housed 40 acres of water, with its circular configuration, to deflect extreme north-bound waves, along with the lighthouse and outsized tower at the entrance, two free-standing...

The House of Windsor represents the modern phase in the long dynastic evolution of the British monarchy, reflecting how royal identity adapted to political pressure, public opinion, and national crisis. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries...

A 19th-century print titled 'The Alchymist', after Teniers, by W. Baillie. The alchemist is using bellows to increase the temperature of the furnace which is heating a condenser. (Science Museum, London)

A detail of The Alchemist by Joseph Wright of Derby. Oil-on-canvas painted in 1771. (Derby Museum & Art Gallery, Derby, UK)

War Dance, Sioux, oil on canvas by George Catlin, 1845-48. Smithsonian American Art Museum.

French Emperor Napoleon I retreats from Moscow after his disastrous invasion of Russia. Though it has long been said that "General Winter" defeated the French, the failure of Napoleon's invasion of Russia had already occurred by winter's...

Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Niemen River, commencing Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1812). Watercolor by an anonymous artist, 1810s.

The remnants of the French Grande Armée cross the Berezina River in the aftermath of Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1812), oil on canvas painting by January Suchodolski, 1866. National Museum in Poznań

Napoleon's Grande Armée retreats across the freezing Berezina River at the end of the catastrophic invasion of Russia of 1812. Painting by Victor Adam, c. 19th century.