Images

Map of Ancient Egypt, showing the Nile up to the fifth cataract, and major cities and sites of the Dynastic period (c. 3150 BC to 30 BC). Cairo and Jerusalem are shown as reference cities.

The Beginnings of Historic Greece. 700 - 600 B.C.

Map showing Ancient Greek colonies on the northern coast of the Black Sea, c. 450 BC.

A locator map of Hammurabi's Babylonia, showing the Babylonian territory upon his ascension in 1792 BC and upon his death in 1750 BC. The river courses and coastline are those of that time period — in general, they are not the modern rivers...

Detail of the Ishtar-Gate : a lion, symbol of the goddess Ishtar.

A map of the Babylonian Empire during the time of the Kassites, roughly the 13th century BC. This map shows the probable river courses and coastline at that time.

Map showing the Median, Lydian, Chaldean, and Egyptian empires around 600 BC.

A representation of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the fabled gardens which possibly adorned the capital of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, built by its greatest king Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605-562 BCE). A 16th century CE engraving by Dutch artist...

Ceremonial giant dirk of the Plougrescant-Ommerschans type, Plougrescant, France, 1500–1300 BC.

The ruins of the temple of Aphaea on Aegina. Aphaea was only worshipped in this temple. Pausanias (2nd century AD) writes: "On Aigina as one goes toward the mountain of Pan-Greek Zeus, the sanctuary of Aphaia comes up, for whom Pindar...