Images

A 15th century CE manuscript illustration depicting the Bulgar Khan Krum (r. c. 802-814 CE) about to receive a drinking cup made from the skull of the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I (r. 802-811 CE) whose army he had defeated in July 811 CE.

Painting by Theodoor Rombouts (Antwerpen, 1597-1637 CE) Oldmasters Museum, Brussels

A 16th century CE painting by Domenico Tintoretto depicting the Venetians attacking the sea walls of Constantinople in 1204 CE during the Fourth Crusade.

A portrait by Tintoretto of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of the Republic of Venice (r. 1192-1205 CE) and prime instigator of the sack of Constantinople in 1204 CE during the Fourth Crusade.

A 16th century CE painting by Palma Le Jeune depicting the attack on Constantinople in 1204 CE during the Fourth Crusade.

On-going excavations at the Areni Cave in Armenia. Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age.

December, Brevarium Grimani, fol. 13v, Flemish, c. 1510 CE. Biblioteca Marciana, Venice

Black Hours, Pentecost (18v/19r), created in Bruges, c. 1475-1480 CE. Morgan Library

Jean Pucelle: Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux. 1325-28 CE, Metropolitan Museum, New York.

Initial page of the Gospel of St. Mark from the Lindisfarne Gospels (c. 700-715 CE), created at the Lindisfarne Priory on the “Holy Island” off the coast of Northumbria, Britain.