Images

Detail of a wooden panel from the portal of the stave church at Urnes, Norway, which is decorated in the eponymous Urnes style animal ornamentation. The last of the animal ornamentation styles of the Viking Age...

Copper-gilt weather vane from Söderala, Hälsingland, Sweden, dating to the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE). The style of its open-work pattern reminds of the Urnes style ornamentation, but the animal and its axial form...

Image showing one face of the Viking Age Jelling stone (standing at Jelling, Denmark) dating to c. 970 CE. The stone's three sides are covered, on one side with an inscription and on its other two with...

Drawing depicting the Jelling cup - a Viking Age silver cup found in a burial mound at the site of Jelling, Denmark. It is decorated with typical Viking Age animal ornamentation, in this case of the so-called Jelling style...

Viking Age bronze clothing pin (fibula) found in the Viking settlement of Hedeby, heavily decorated in the so-called Borre style (c. 850-late 10th century CE).

A section of the fortifications of Carcassonne, southern France.

A 15th century CE illustration showing the expulsion of the Cathars heretics from Carcassonne during the Albigensian Crusade in southern France (1209-1229 CE). (British Library, London)

A medieval manuscript illustration showing Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) and the crusaders of the Albigensian Crusade in southern France (1209-1229 CE). (Chronicles of Saint-Denis, British Library...

A view of the exterior of the apsidal chapels of Chartres Cathedral, France. Constructed between 1194 and 1220 CE.

A detail of the sculpture which adorns the screen of the chancel of Chartres Cathedral, France. Executed from c. 1530 CE and slowly added to over the following two centuries, the screen has 40 niches containing...