Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa (1717-1780) was the ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy, a sprawling empire that included Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and other territories spread out across Italy, the Netherlands, and Central Europe. Though her ascension to the throne was contested by rival European powers in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748), she emerged from that conflict in a stronger and more secure position. She implemented several long-lasting reforms within the Habsburg domains and restored the military and economic power of Austria. One of the most important rulers of the 18th century, Maria Theresa certainly left a lasting mark on Europe during her 40-year reign.