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1200 - 1218Sayef al-Din al-Adil, the brother of the late Saladin, rules as Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt.
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1215Pope Innocent III calls for the Fifth Crusade.
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1217 - 1221The Fifth Crusade is formed to attack Muslim-held cities in North Africa and Egypt. It is not particularly successful.
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1218 - 1238Reign of al-Kamil, Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt.
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May 1218The army of the Fifth Crusade arrives in Egypt.
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Jun 1218 - Nov 1219Damietta in Egypt is attacked and conquered after a long siege during the Fifth Crusade.
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28 Aug 1221After a failed attack on the Sultan of Egypt's army at Mansourah, hit by floods from the river Nile and with another two Muslim armies blocking their escape, the army of the Fifth Crusade surrenders.
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Sep 1221The Fifth Crusaders surrender Damietta.