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Enemies of Rome in the 3rd Century CE
It has been said that the greatest enemy of Rome was Rome itself, and this is certainly true of the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284 CE). During this time of almost 50 years, over...
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Egyptian Gods - The Complete List
The gods and goddesses of Ancient Egypt were an integral part of the people's everyday lives for over 3,000 years. There were over 2,000 deities in the Egyptian pantheon, many whose names are well known - Isis, Osiris, Horus, Amun, Ra, Hathor...
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Ancient Persian Gods, Heroes, and Creatures - The Complete List
The term 'mythology' comes from the Greek mythos (story-of-the-people) and logos (word or speech), meaning the spoken story of a people. Every civilization of the ancient world developed a belief system, which is characterized as 'mythology'...
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Sassanian Kings List & Commentary
The Sassanian Empire (224-651) was the greatest expression of Persian culture in the ancient world. It was consciously modeled on the earlier Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which established Persian supremacy in the region and developed...
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Achaemenid Kings List & Commentary
The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) was the first great Persian political entity in Western and Central Asia which stretched, at its peak, from Asia Minor to the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia through Egypt. It was founded by Cyrus II (the...
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Narmer Conquering His Enemies
A detail from the Narmer Palette, Egypt, c. 3100 BCE. The inscribed slab depicts a king identified as Narmer conquering his enemies and subjugating the land. (Egyptian Museum, Cairo)
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Captured Camels from Arab Enemies of Tiglath-pileser III
The woman on the left and the herd of camels behind her are part of a procession of prisoners and booty captured during one of the military campaigns of Tiglath-pileser III (reigned 744-727 BCE) against Arab enemies. Assyrian, about 728 BCE...
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Decapitated Heads of Assyrian Enemies
Alabaster bas-relief showing Assyrian soldiers holding the decapitated heads of their defeated enemy before Assyrian musicians. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Detail of Panel 6 (top), Room B, the North-Palace Palace, Nimrud, modern-day...
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Assyrian Soldiers Slaughtering their Enemies
Alabaster bas-relief showing defeated soldiers being seized and killed by Assyrian soldiers. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Detail of Panel 9 (top), Room B, the North-Palace Palace, Nimrud, modern-day Iraq. (Th British Musuem, London)
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Captured Flocks from Arab Enemies of Tiglath-pileser III
Sheep and goats, captured in a campaign against the Arabs are driven back to the Assyrian camp. This scene decorated the palace of King Tiglath-pileser III (reigned 744-727 BCE. Assyrian, about 728 BCE. From the Central Palace at Nimrud (ancient...