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Paul Cézanne
Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) was a French post-impressionist artist. Although he struggled for recognition in his own lifetime and often lacked confidence in his work, the artist's unique style, use of light and colour, and his interest in geometric...
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The Dreyfus Affair & the Separation of Church and State in France
The Dreyfus Affair, or L'Affaire as it has become known, demonstrated the competing forces at work to either reestablish the monarchy and the Church in power or to solidify and advance the unfulfilled ideals of the 1789 French Revolution...
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Émile Zola
Émile Zola (l. 1840-1902), photo by Paul Nadar, c. 1898.
Definition
Edouard Manet
Edouard Manet (1832-1883) was a French modernist painter whose work is celebrated for its candid realism. Works like Olympia, an entirely modern nude, broke the artistic convention that great art should not concern itself with contemporary...
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J'Accuse
J'Accuse, open letter about the Dreyfus Affair by Émile Zola, published in L'Aurore, 13 January 1898.
Article
Architects of France's 1901 Law of Associations
The Law of Associations was adopted by the French Parliament on 3 July 1901 to limit the influence of Catholic teaching orders as the first step toward the formal separation of church and state that would follow in 1905. Of 16,904 religious...
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Statue of David Hume
A statue of the Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-1776). Located on Edinburgh's Royal Mile.
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Sycamore Gap, Hadrian's Wall
Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall is a section of the wall (Wall Mile 38) between two crests just east of Milecastle 39. It is locally known as the "Robin Hood Tree" for its use in the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).
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Boulevard Montmartre Night Effect by Pissarro
An 1897 oil on canvas, Boulevard Montmartre Night Effect, by Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), the Danish-French impressionist painter. Pissarro very rarely painted night scenes, but here he captures Émile Zola's famous description of Paris by...
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The Abduction (Hercules and Alcestis)
An 1867 painting in oils, The Abduction by Paul Cézanne (1839-1906), the French post-impressionist artist. This painting is thought to depict Hercules rescuing Alcestis from the underworld (another theory is that this represents the abduction...