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The Life and Death of Sweet Medicine
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Life and Death of Sweet Medicine

The Life and Death of Sweet Medicine is a Cheyenne tale of the great prophet and law-giver Sweet Medicine who received the sacred Four Arrows, structure of government, and rules of society from Maheo, the Wise One Above, and predicted the...
Roman Medicine
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Roman Medicine

Roman medicine was greatly influenced by earlier Greek medicine and literature but would also make its own unique contribution to the history of medicine through the work of such famous experts as Galen and Celsus. Whilst there were professional...
A Brief History of Veterinary Medicine
Article by Joshua J. Mark

A Brief History of Veterinary Medicine

The English word 'veterinarian' as defining one who provides medical care to animals, comes from the Latin verb veheri meaning “to draw” (as in "pull") and was first applied to those who cared for “any animal that works with a yoke” – cattle...
Egyptian Medicine
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Egyptian Medicine

Medical practice in ancient Egypt was so advanced that many of their observations, policies, and commonplace procedures would not be surpassed in the west for centuries after the fall of Rome and their practices would inform both Greek and...
The Medicine Arrows and the Sacred Hat
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Medicine Arrows and the Sacred Hat

The Medicine Arrows and the Sacred Hat is a short essay by anthropologist George Bird Grinnell (l. 1849-1938) explaining the origin and significance of the medicine arrows and buffalo hat, central to Cheyenne culture. The essay provides a...
Ancient Greek Medicine
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Greek Medicine

In ancient Greek medicine illness was initially regarded as a divine punishment and healing as, quite literally, a gift from the gods. However, by the 5th century BCE, there were attempts to identify the material causes for illnesses rather...
Geronimo, Apache Medicine Man and War Chief
Image by Ben Wittick

Geronimo, Apache Medicine Man and War Chief

Geronimo (l. c. 1829-1909), Apache medicine man and war chief. Photograph titled Geronimo (Goyaałé), a Bedonkohe Apache, kneeling with rifle, 1887, by Ben Wittick, 1887. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
Chiricahua-Apache Medicine Man in Traditional Wickiup with Family, 1883
Image by Denver Public Library Special Collections

Chiricahua-Apache Medicine Man in Traditional Wickiup with Family, 1883

A Chiricahua-Apache medicine man in the traditional Apache dwelling of a wickiup with his family in 1883. The Chiricahua are one of the six bands of the Apache nation. Photograph by A. Frank Randall. Denver Public Library Special Collections...
Hastobíga, a Hataałii (Navajo Medicine Man)
Image by Edward S. Curtis

Hastobíga, a Hataałii (Navajo Medicine Man)

Hastobíga, a Navajo Hataałii ("medicine man"), photograph by Edward S. Curtis, 1904. Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Washington, D.C.
Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia

In ancient Mesopotamia, the gods informed every aspect of daily life including the practice of medicine. Gula, the Sumerian goddess of healing, presided over the medical arts, guiding doctors and dentists in the treatment of health problems...
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