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Battle of Yarmouk
The Battle of Yarmouk River (or Yarmuk River; also written as the Battle of Jabiya-Yarmuk) was fought over the course of six days, from 15 to 20 August 636 CE, between the Muslim army of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE), under Khalid ibn...

Definition
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634-644 CE) was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE, as the first four caliphs are referred to by the Sunni Muslims). He was an early convert of Islam and one of the close companions of the Islamic...

Article
Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)
Islam arose as a religious and socio-political force in Arabia in the 7th century CE (610 CE onwards). The Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), despite facing resistance and persecution, amassed a huge following and started building...

Definition
Rashidun Caliphate
The first four caliphs of the Islamic empire – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali are referred to as Rashidun (rightly guided) Caliphs (632-661 CE) by mainstream Sunni Muslims. Their tenure started with the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE...

Definition
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr (l. 573-634 CE, r. 632-634 CE) was an early convert of Islam; he was a close friend and confidant of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, and became the first caliph of the Islamic empire – a successor to Muhammad's temporal position but...

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Coin of Muhammad Bin Tughluq
A gold coin of Muhammad Bin Tughluq, Sultan of the Delhi sultanate in India (r. 1325-1351).

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Statue of Qimi Bin Abdsamiyah
Qimi Bin Abdsamiyah was probably a musician and/or a singer at the 5th temple in Hatra. Her father was a wine seller. Although the statue is now headless, it is considered one of the finest and precious finds from Hatra; her attire is very...

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Khalid ibn al-Walid's Invasion of Iraq
A map detailing the route of Khalid ibn Walid's (585 - 642 CE) forces during the Islamic invasion of the Sasanian Empire in 633 CE.

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Khalid ibn a-Walid's Invasion of Syria
A map showing Khalid ibn al-Walid's (585 - 642 CE) advance from Iraq to Syria in 634 CE, during the Islamic invasion of the Levant.

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Khalid ibn al-Walid's Campaign in Arabia
Map detailing the route of the conquest of central Arabia by Khalid ibn al-Walid (585 - 642 CE) during the Ridda Wars, culminating in the decisive battle of Yamama (633 CE). Battles are shown as crossed swords (or scimitars) and the Rashidun...