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Definition
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas. The exchange...
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Portrait of René-Hillaire De Gas
An 1857 oil on canvas, Portrait of René-Hillaire De Gas, by Edgar Degas (1834-1917), the French impressionist painter. Degas first made a name for himself as a portrait painter. Here he captures his grandfather, a prominent Neapolitan entrepreneur...
Teaching Material
Phoenician Maritime Trade and Cultural Exchange
This lesson plan has two parts. During the first part, students will watch a video introducing the Phoenicians and answer the questions on Worksheet #1. In the second part, students will participate in a trading simulation activity which...
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The First Coal Gas Street Lighting
An 1809 engraving by Thomas Rowlandson from an original drawing by Woodward showing the public's reaction to the first coal gas street lighting in Pall Mall, London in 1807. The new lights were invented by Frederick Albert Winsor (1763-1830...
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The “Columbian Exchange” in the 15th century
An infographic illustrating the exchange of diseases, animals, plants, populations, and technology between the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia in the wake of Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage across the Atlantic, known as the "Columbian Exchange"...
Video
The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course
In which John Green teaches you about the changes wrought by contact between the Old World and the New. John does this by exploring the totally awesome history book "The Columbian Exchange" by Alfred Cosby, Jr. After Columbus "discovered"...
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Transatlantic Triangular Trade Map
Map showing the flow of goods and enslaved people across the Atlantic between Europe, Africa and America in the transatlantic triangular trade which the European colonial powers operated from the 16th to the 19th centuries CE. This triangular...
Article
Coal Mining in the British Industrial Revolution
Coal mining boomed during the British Industrial Revolution as it provided fuel for steam engines of all kinds in factories, transport, and agriculture. Draining flooded mines to extract more coal was the reason the steam engine was invented...
Video
Native America: Pre-Columbian America
Hear about what American was like before Whitey showed up in all of its diverse complexity. But I'll also talk about the Age of Exploration, Whitey's arrival in America, and the great Columbian Exchange.
Video
Major Epidemics and Pandemics - Summary on a Map
We briefly retrace major global epidemics and pandemics that have impacted human history since the end of man’s hunter-gatherer lifestyle until the present day. Chapters 00:00 Origins 00:54 Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire 02:13...