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Bessemer Converter, Sheffield
A Bessemer converter in the Science Museum, Sheffield, England. Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) invented a converter in 1856 during the Industrial Revolution that made steel production much cheaper and more reliable. Steel was much stronger, lighter...
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Bessemer Converter Model
A cut-away model of a Bessemer converter, invented by Henry Bessemer in 1856 during the Industrial Revolution in order to mass-produce steel. (Science Museum, London)
Interview
Interview: UNESCO Archives Digitization Project
Ancient History Encyclopedia has partnered with the UNESCO Archives, which we are very excited about. Our mission aligns very much with UNESCO, wanting to bring about peace and international understanding to the world through cultural heritage...
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Making Steel by Skinner
A 1917 oil on canvas painting by E.F. Skinner showing steel being made using a Bessemer converter, an invention of the Industrial Revolution. (Science Museum, London)
Article
The Steel Industry in the British Industrial Revolution
The production of steel during the British Industrial Revolution became cheaper and more reliable thanks to the Bessemer converter, a type of blast furnace that removed undesirable impurities from pig iron. The superior strength and durability...
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Portuguese Carrack
An illustration of a Portuguese carrack ship from a 16th-century map. (Digital Library, University of Minnesota)
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Kena Upanishad
Kena Upanishad, verses 1.1–3, partially 4 (opens with salutations to Ganesha) The thick text is the Upanishad scripture, the small text in the margins and edges are an unknown scholar's notes and comments in the typical Hindu style of...
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15-century CE Nautical Map
Nautical chart of the North-East Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, accompanied by a circular world map.
Alleged author: Cristopher Columbus (l. 1451-1506 CE)
Gallica Digital Library
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Soldiers at the Siege of Yorktown
Soldiers at the Siege of Yorktown in 1781, during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). A Black infantryman of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment is depicted at the far left. Watercolor by Jean-Baptiste-Antoine DeVerger, 1781. Anne S.K...
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Bhir Mound Excavations
Google Earth view of Bhir Mound archaeological site excavations at Taxila, 6th-2nd Cent BCE. Image © 2015 Digital Globe
