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New Testament Text-Types
The books of the New Testament were written in the 1st century CE. As Christianity spread in the 2nd century CE, many copies were made, some by non-professionals. Early manuscripts are considered to be closer to the original than later manuscripts...
Definition
Edda
Edda is a term used to describe two Icelandic manuscripts that were copied down and compiled in the 13th century CE. Together they are the main sources of Norse mythology and skaldic poetry that relate the religion, cosmogony, and history...
Definition
Illuminated Manuscripts
Illuminated manuscripts were hand-made books, usually on Christian scripture or practice, produced in Western Europe between c. 500-c. 1600. They are so called because of the use of gold and silver which illuminates the text and accompanying...
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Duke Heinrich von Breslau in the Codex Manesse
Page from the early 14th-century Codex Manesse - an illuminated book of poetry composed in Middle High German - depicting Duke Heinrich von Breslau (probably Henry IV of Silesia, also known as Henryk IV Probus in Polish) participating in...
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Henry I, Count of Anhalt in the Codex Manesse
Page from the early 14th-century Codex Manesse - an illuminated book of poetry composed in Middle High German - depicting Henry I, Count of Anhalt participating in a tournament.
Definition
Roman Law
Roman laws covered all facets of daily life. They were concerned with crime and punishment, land and property ownership, commerce, the maritime and agricultural industries, citizenship, sexuality and prostitution, slavery and manumission...
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Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda
The Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda is the oldest and most comprehensive extant source of Norse mythology. 14th century CE. It is housed at the Arni Magnusson Institute of Learning in Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus, which may contain Constantine I’s original Bible.
Photo taken in Warsaw in 2015.
Definition
Corpus Juris Civilis
The Justinian Code or Corpus Juris Civilis (Corpus of Civil Law) was a major reform of Byzantine law created by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527-565 CE) in 528-9 CE. Aiming to clarify and update the old Roman laws, eradicate inconsistencies and...
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Tezcatlipoca, Codex Rios
An illustration of Tezcatlipoca, one of the most important gods in the Aztec pantheon. Codex Rios, 16th century CE.