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Roman Glass
Roman glassware includes some of the finest pieces of art ever produced in antiquity and the very best were valued higher than wares made with precious metals. However, plain glass vessels such as cups, bowls, plates, and bottles were also...
Definition
Edward II of England
Edward II of England reigned as king from 1307 to 1327 CE. Succeeding his father Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE), his reign saw a disastrous defeat to the Scots at Bannockburn in June 1314 CE, and the king's lack of political and military...
Article
The Infrastructure of Caesarea Maritima
Caesarea Maritima, an ancient metropolis in modern-day Israel, was a remarkable engineering accomplishment. Extending Rome's military and commercial presence in the eastern Mediterranean in the latter years of the 1st century BCE, Herod the...
Definition
Stephenson's Rocket
The Rocket was a pioneering steam-powered locomotive invented in 1829 by the British engineer Robert Stephenson (1803-1859). For a cash prize, extensive competition trials were held to find the best locomotive in the Rainhill Trials. Rocket...
Article
Death, Burial & the Afterlife in the Ancient Celtic Religion
The ancient Celts who occupied large parts of Europe from 700 BCE to 400 CE displayed a clear belief in an afterlife as evidenced in their treatment of the dead. In the absence of extensive written records by the Celts themselves, we are...
Definition
Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos (Alexius Comnenus) was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1118 CE. Regarded as one of the great Byzantine rulers, Alexios defeated the Normans, the Pechenegs, and, with the help of the First Crusaders, the Seljuks...
Video
The Forgotten Tudor Royals Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey and Mary I of England
Did you know that Lady Jane Grey was only 16 when she became Queen of England? This video is all about the three forgotten Tudor rulers of England between Henry VIII and Elizabeth I: Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey, and Mary I of England. Edward...
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Robert Du Guesclin
A statue of Robert du Guesclin (c.1320-1380 CE), a French knight and national hero also known as the ‘Eagle of Brittany’. (Sculptor: Emmanuel Fremiet. Dinan, France)
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Robert Boyle by Kerseboom
A 1689 portrait by Johann Kerseboom of Robert Boyle (1627-1691), the Anglo-Irish chemist, physicist, and experimental philosopher. (Science History Institute, Philadelphia)
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Valkyrie by Edward Robert Hughes
A painting titled Valkyrie's Vigil created by the painter Edward Robert Hughes before 1915. Valkyries were key figures in various Norse sagas that were present in Prose Edda, the Heimskringla and the Njáls Saga. They were maidens whose role...