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Robert Boyle
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was an Anglo-Irish chemist, physicist, and experimental philosopher. Boyle was a prolific author, made significant experiments with air pumps, and presented the first litmus test. A founding member of the Royal Society...
Robert Hooke
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) was an English scientist, architect, and natural philosopher who became a key figure in the Scientific Revolution. Hooke conducted his scientific experiments outside the auspices of universities, and he was a great...
Robert Boyle
Image by Science Museum, London

Robert Boyle

A print portrait of the Angol-Irish scientist Robert Boyle (1627-1691). (Science Museum, London)
6 Key Instruments of the Scientific Revolution
Article by Mark Cartwright

6 Key Instruments of the Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) was driven by several key inventions, all scientific instruments that became essential to achieving a greater understanding of the world around us. With instruments like the telescope, microscope, thermometer...
Robert II of Scotland
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Robert II of Scotland

Robert II of Scotland ruled as king from 1371 to 1390. Born Robert Stewart, he succeeded the heirless David II of Scotland (r. 1329-1371) and so founded the royal house of Stewart. Dividing Scottish estates between his many offspring, Robert...
Robert Boyle by Kerseboom
Image by Johann Kerseboom

Robert Boyle by Kerseboom

A 1689 portrait by Johann Kerseboom of Robert Boyle (1627-1691), the Anglo-Irish chemist, physicist, and experimental philosopher. (Science History Institute, Philadelphia)
Scientific Revolution
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution (1500-1700), which occurred first in Europe before spreading worldwide, witnessed a new approach to knowledge gathering – the scientific method – which utilised new technologies like the telescope to observe, measure...
Boyle's Air Pump
Image by Unknown Artist

Boyle's Air Pump

The air pump commissioned by Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and built by Robert Hooke (1635-1703). The instrument was unique in that it allowed specimens to be placed in the glass ball and subjected to different air pressures. From an edition of...
Hooke & Boyle Air Pump Experiment
Image by Rita Greer

Hooke & Boyle Air Pump Experiment

An illustration titled The Scientists by Rita Greer showing the scientists Robert Hooke (1635-1703) and Robert Boyle (1627-1691) conducting an experiment with an air pump.
Scientific Method
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Scientific Method

The scientific method was first used during the Scientific Revolution (1500-1700). The method combined theoretical knowledge such as mathematics with practical experimentation using scientific instruments, results analysis and comparisons...
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