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History of Juneteenth
Juneteenth is an annual event celebrating the end of chattel slavery in the United States in commemorating the issuance of General Order No. 3 (which included the line "all slaves are free") in Galveston, Texas on 19 June 1865. In 2021, Juneteenth...
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Saladin and the Christians of Jerusalem
The Christians of the Holy City Defiling before Saladin by Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville
Source: François Guizot (1787-1874 CE), The History of France from the Earliest Times to the Year 1789, p. 435.
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An Allegory of the Revolution
Allégorie révolutionnaire ("Allegory of the revolution") by Nicolas Henri Jeaurat de Bertry, 1794. It was made in honor of Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), whose portrait is seen at the top of the painting. Rousseau...
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The Tennis Court Oath
Painting depicting the Tennis Court Oath, taken by members of the National Assembly on 20 June 1789. Painted by Jacques-Louis David in the 1790s.
Musée Carnavalet, Paris.
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Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès
Portrait of the Abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (1748-1836), a leading figure of the Third Estate during the Estates-General of 1789 and the subsequent formation of the National Assembly. Oil on canvas by Jacques-Louis David, 1817. Fogg Museum...
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Presumed Portrait of Antoine Barnave
Presumed portrait of Antoine Barnave (1761-1793), orator and one-time president of the National Assembly during the French Revolution (1789-99). Pastel on paper by Joseph Boze, 1791.
Musée Carnavalet, Paris.
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What is the Third Estate?
What is the Third Estate? was a seminal pamphlet written by Abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sièyes (1748-1836) in the months preceding the Estates-General of 1789. The pamphlet argues that the Third Estate (commoners) constitutes an entire nation itself...
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Club of Patriotic French Women in a Church
A meeting of a club of patriotic women in a church during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Alongside the more famous political clubs of the era (i.e. the Jacobins, Cordeliers), some clubs were created to advocate for women's rights, most...
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Power Looms in a Textile Mill
An 1835 engraving by J. Tingle (from an illustration by T. Allom) of power looms in a textile mill during the Industrial Revolution. The power loom weaving machine was invented by Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) in 1785. The machine doubled...
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French Revolutionary Tribunal
Depiction of the Revolutionary Tribunal during the French Revolution (1789-99) by an unknown author, c. 19th century.
National Library of France, Paris.