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Definition
Abd al-Rahman I
Abd al-Rahman was the founder of the Emirate of Cordoba and ruled as Abd al-Rahman I from 756-788 CE. As one of the lone survivors of the Umayyad Dynasty after the Abbasids defeated the Umayyad Caliphate, Abd al-Rahman bridged the Umayyad...

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Abd al-Rahman I
An illustration of Abd al-Rahman I, founder of the Emirate of Cordoba, r. 756-788 CE.

Definition
Abd al-Rahman III
Abd al-Rahman III was an Umayyad prince who reigned as Emir of Cordoba, and later Caliph of Cordoba, from 912 to 961 CE. His reign is remembered as a golden age of Muslim Spain and Umayyad rule, epitomized by his declaration of the second...

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Statue of Abd al-Rahman I in Spain
A statue of Abd al-Rahman I (731 – 788 CE) in Almuñécar, Spain. He was the founder of the Emirate (and later Caliphate) of Cordoba which rivaled the Abbasids.

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Statue of Abd al-Rahman I
A modern statue of Abd al-Rahman I, founder of the Emirate of Cordoba, r. 756-788 CE. Almuñécar, Spain.

Definition
Umayyad Dynasty
The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya (l. c. 602-680 CE), who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth...

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Hellenistic Palace Qasr Al-Abd
Qasr Al-Abd is a Hellenistic palace dating from approximately 200 BCE whose ruins stand in western Jordan, approximately 17 kilometers west of Amman. It is a two-story stone structure (measuring about 40 meters by 20 meters, and 13 meters...

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The Legacy of Charles Martel & the Battle of Tours
The Battle of Poitiers aka the Battle of Tours took place over roughly a week in early October of 732. The opposing sides consisted of a Frankish army led by Charles Martel (r. 718-741) against an invading Muslim army under the nominal sovereignty...

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Calligraphy of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
A calligraphic vector diagram of the name of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 568–c. 653 CE), an uncle of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and progenitor of the Abbasid Dynasty.

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Coin of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
An Umayyad silver coin (dirham) issued by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 724-743 CE). Made in Damascus, c. 724-743 CE.