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Richard Strauss
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Richard Strauss

Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was a German conductor and composer of both innovative late-Romantic and Modernist music. He is best known for his symphonic poems and operas like Salome and Elektra, both of which caused a sensation. Strauss gained...
Martin Bucer
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Martin Bucer

Martin Bucer (l. 1491-1551) was a German reformer and theologian who had been a Dominican friar and priest until converted to the Protestant vision by Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) c. 1518. Bucer is best known for his focus on unity among...
6 Key Instruments of the Scientific Revolution
Article by Mark Cartwright

6 Key Instruments of the Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) was driven by several key inventions, all scientific instruments that became essential to achieving a greater understanding of the world around us. With instruments like the telescope, microscope, thermometer...
Battle of Waterloo
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815) was the last major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815), fought by a French army under Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) against two armies of the Seventh Coalition. Waterloo resulted in...
Pizan's The Status of Women & the Reformation
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Pizan's The Status of Women & the Reformation

The Book of the City of the Ladies (1405) by Christine de Pizan (l. 1364 - c. 1430) is considered by many scholars to be the first work of feminist literature, predating A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) by Mary Wollstonecraft by...
Battle of Tourcoing
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Tourcoing

The Battle of Tourcoing (17-18 May 1794) was a major engagement in the War of the First Coalition, the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). It saw an army of the French Republic successfully fend off a six-pronged attack...
Fall of Robespierre in the National Convention, 27 July 1794
Image by Max Adamo

Fall of Robespierre in the National Convention, 27 July 1794

Fall of Maximilien Robespierre on the floor of the National Convention, 27 July 1794 (9 Thermidor Year II). Oil on canvas by Max Adamo, 1870. Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin.
Nimrud Ivory Plaque of an Egyptian Sphinx
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Nimrud Ivory Plaque of an Egyptian Sphinx

A winged human-headed sphinx wears the double crown of Egypt. An apron hangs down on the chest with a projecting uraeus (rearing cobra) similar to those worn by Egyptian pharaohs. A striking Phoenician style. Excavated by Sir Max Mallowan...
Nimrud Ivory Panel of a Winged Man
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Nimrud Ivory Panel of a Winged Man

Never seen by the public before 2011. A small fragment of an ivory plaque from Nimrud. It shows a standing winged Egyptian man holding a stem of a lotus flower branching from a tree. The upper part shows a large lotus flower. Phoenician art...
Nimrud Ivory Panel of a Winged Sphinx
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Nimrud Ivory Panel of a Winged Sphinx

Never seen by the public before 2011. A small fragment of an ivory plaque from Nimrud. This winged-sphinx is Egyptian and wears the double crown of Egypt as well as a chest apron, the typical royal costume of Egyptian pharaohs. Phoenician...
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