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Chinese woodblock print
Woodblock print in the shangtu xiawen format (illustration above, text below) from the 9th century CE, Tang Dynasty. The top part shows the seated Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, flanked by two inscribed cartouches. The bottom part contains a...

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Japanese Woodblock Print Depicting a Courtesan
Woodblock print depicting the courtesan Chojiya-uchi Chozan with her young attendant (kamuro) and friend preparing to smoke, by Suzuki Harunobu, Japan, 1765-1770.

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Mud-Brick With a Dog's Paw Print from Ur
Mud brick stamped with the name and titles of the Neo-Sumerian king Ur-Nammu (r. 2047-2030 BCE, short chronology) from the ziggurat of Ur, southern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Note the dog's paw print; this "footprint" might well have been "stamped"...

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Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528 CE) was a German Renaissance artist who is considered one of the greatest painters and engravers in history. A native of Nuremberg, Dürer was famous in his own lifetime at home and abroad for his oil paintings, altarpieces...

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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an American printer, writer, scientist, inventor, and diplomat, often regarded as a Founding Father of the United States. He rose to prominence as editor of The Pennsylvania Gazette and author of Poor Richard's...

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The Printing Press & the Protestant Reformation
The printing press, credited to the German inventor and printer Johannes Gutenberg (l. c. 1398-1468) in the 1450s, became the single most important factor in the success of the Protestant Reformation by providing the means for widespread...

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Map of the East Coast from the River Thames to Edinburgh
Map of the East Coast from the River Thames to Edinburgh, from Great Britain's Coasting Pilot,ink on paper by Greenville Collins, c. 1682-1694. Probably drafted in 1682 but not published until 1693, this chart is the first to show with accuracy...

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The Printing Revolution in Renaissance Europe
The arrival in Europe of the printing press with moveable metal type in the 1450s CE was an event which had enormous and long-lasting consequences. The German printer Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398-1468 CE) is widely credited with the innovation...

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Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg (l. c. 1398-1468) was the inventor of the printing press (c. 1450) who seems to have developed the device from wine and oil presses of the time. Gutenberg’s printing press not only revolutionized book making but literally...

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Christine de Pizan
Christine de Pizan (also given as Christine de Pisan, l. 1364 - c. 1430) was the first female professional writer of the Middle Ages and the first woman of letters in France. Her best-known works advocated for greater equality and respect...