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Map of Europe at the End of World War I, November 1918 - Lost Empires, Uncertain Borders, and New Nations
This map illustrates the geopolitical landscape of Europe in mid-November 1918, immediately after the signing of the Armistice of Compiègne (11 November 1918), which ended the First World War (1914–1918). The Great War, fought on an unprecedented...
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No Man's Land in the First World War
No Man's Land, illustration by Lucien Jonas, 1927. Lucien Jonas was a French artist appointed as an official military painter after being mobilized in 1914, becoming one of the most prolific and renowned wartime artists of the First World...
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Map of the Western Front in World War I, 1914-1918
The Western Front (1914–1918) was the central and most industrialized theater of the First World War, emerging from Germany’s initial invasion of Belgium and northern France in August 1914 under Kaiser Wilhelm II (reign 1888–1918). Following...
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Map of Africa in World War II
Africa became a central arena in the global struggle of the Second World War (1939–1945), where imperial rivalry, strategic geography, and colonial governance converged. Campaigns in North Africa (1940–1943) pitted Axis forces, initially...
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Map of Europe on the Eve of World War I, Early 1914
Europe on the eve of World War I was defined by a volatile mix of alliance politics, imperial rivalry, and rising nationalism. The continent was divided into two heavily armed blocs, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, binding the...
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Map of the Holocaust in Europe during World War II
During World War II (1939-1945), Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler (rule 1933-1945) carried out the Holocaust, a systematic, state-directed genocide that resulted in the murder of approximately six million Jews, alongside millions of other...
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The Hellenistic World: The World of Alexander the Great
The Hellenistic World (from the Greek word Hellas for Greece) is the known world after the conquests of Alexander the Great and corresponds roughly with the Hellenistic Period of ancient Greece, from 323 BCE (Alexander's death) to the annexation...
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Map of the Russian Empire on the Eve of World War I, 1914 - A Eurasian Giant at the Brink
The Russian Empire on the eve of World War I (1914) represented the largest contiguous empire in modern history, stretching from Eastern Europe across Siberia to the Pacific Ocean. Its territorial scale was the result of gradual expansion...
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Russian Civil War - The Failed Fightback Against Bolshevism
The Russian Civil War (1917-22) began shortly after the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917. The Bolsheviks (the Reds) immediately found themselves in conflict with various opposition forces who disagreed with Bolshevik policies like abolishing...
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American Civil War - The Birthpangs of the United States
The American Civil War (1861-1865) was the pivotal event in United States history and the largest armed conflict in the Western world following the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) and prior to the beginning of the First World War (1914...