Vichy france: Did you mean...?

An illumination from a 14th Century CE manuscript of the "Grandes Chroniques de France", depicting a battle between John I of England (r. 1199 - 1216 CE) and Philip II of France (r. 1180 - 1223 CE). Both kings are recognizable by their coats...

An illumination from a 14th Century CE manuscript of the "Grandes Chroniques de France", depicting King John of England (r. 1199 - 1216 CE) paying homage to Philip II of France (r. 1180 - 1223 CE). Made in Paris, France c. 1332 - 1350...

A stamp from Revolutionary France in 1794, referencing Maximilien Robespierre's Cult of the Supreme Being. It reads: "The People of France Recognize the Supreme Being and the Immortality of the Soul". Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Charles Philippe de France, comte d'Artois (1757-1836), during the French Revolution, oil on canvas painting by Henri-Pierre Danloux, 1798. As the youngest brother of King Louis XVI, Artois was one of the first emigres to flee France after...

Marie de France (wrote c. 1160-1215 CE), from an illuminated manuscript now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France: BnF, Arsenal Library, Ms. 3142 fol. 256.

The crown and salamander symbol used by Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547 CE). From the Château d'Amboise, France.

Map of New France 1612 CE by Samuel de Champlain (1567?-1635 CE). National Library of France.

Portrait of the dauphin Louis-Charles de France (1785-1795), recognized by royalists as King Louis XVII of France. Oil on canvas by Alexander Kucharsky, 1792. Palace of Versailles.

A statue of Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547 CE) in Cognac, France. The French king was born in the town in 1494 CE.

The Three Estates of pre-revolutionary France were the hierarchical social divisions that structured society under the Ancien Régime (French for "Old Regime," a term coined after the French Revolution to describe the pre-revolutionary system...