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Namazu
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Namazu

Namazu (aka Onamazu) is the giant catfish of Japanese mythology held responsible for creating earthquakes. The creature was thought to live under the earth, and when it swam through the underwater seas and rivers there, it caused earthquakes...
Ryoanji
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ryoanji

Ryoanji (Ryōan-ji) is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan which is today most famous for its Zen rock garden with its enigmatic arrangement of stones. Founded in the 15th century CE, the temple is one of the most visited tourist spots in...
Chushingura
Definition by Graham Squires

Chushingura

Kanadehon Chushingura (A Treasury of Loyalty of Loyal Retainers or The Story of the Forty-Seven Samurai) is the most popular play in the history of Japanese theatre, first performed in 1748. It is a work of fiction, but the details of the...
Mount Koya
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Mount Koya

Mount Koya (aka Koyasan), located in the Wakayama Prefecture, south of Osaka, Japan, is the site of a temple complex founded in 819 CE by the scholar monk Kukai as the headquarters for Shingon Buddhism. There are temples and sacred buildings...
Statue of Amakusa Shiro at Hara Castle
Image by Matthew Allison

Statue of Amakusa Shiro at Hara Castle

Statue of Amakusa Shiro at Hara Castle, photograph by Matthew Allison, 4 October 2025. Amakusa Shiro (1621-1638) was the supposed leader of the Shimabara Rebellion, a Christian uprising in southern Japan from 1637-1638. After a protracted...
Stone Ramparts of the Inner Ward at Hara Castle
Image by Matthew Allison

Stone Ramparts of the Inner Ward at Hara Castle

Stone ramparts of the inner ward at Hara Castle, photograph by Matthew Allison, 4 October 2025. Unlike much of Hara Castle at the end of the Shimabara Rebellion, the ishigaki (stone ramparts) that form the foundation of the inner ward were...
Stone Statues Overlook the Ariake Sea at Hara Castle
Image by Matthew Allison

Stone Statues Overlook the Ariake Sea at Hara Castle

Stone statues overlook the Ariake Sea at Hara Castle, photograph by Matthew Allison, 4 October 2025. At the highest point of Hara Castle, where the inner ward housing the Shimabara Rebellion's leaders would have once been, three stone statues...
Feudalism in Medieval Japan
Article by Mark Cartwright

Feudalism in Medieval Japan

Feudalism in medieval Japan (1185-1603) is the relationship between lords and vassals where land ownership and its use were exchanged for military service and loyalty. Although present earlier to some degree, the feudal system in Japan was...
Georgian Imitations of Lysimachus Type Staters
Image by geonumismatics.tsu.ge

Georgian Imitations of Lysimachus Type Staters

Gold. The weights range from 1,1 to 7,9 gr. d=18-24 mm. Obverse: Non-naturalistic head, right; radiant hair-style sometimes ornamented with bird-effigies. Reverse: Schematic Athena enthroned, left/right, holding Nike, trident...
Colchis Alexander Stater
Image by geonumismatics.tsu.ge

Colchis Alexander Stater

Pure gold. Weight – 8,5 gr. d=17/18 mm. Obverse: Diademed head of Alexander the Great, right, wearing horn of Ammon. Reverse: Athena Pallas enthroned, left, holding Nike in an open right hand and resting left hand on the arm of the...
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