Sultan: Did you mean...?

Depicted here is the Death of King Władysław Jagiellończyk (r. 1424-1444 CE) at the Battle of Varna. This was a decisive moment in the Crusade of Varna, as the Turks under Sultan Murad II (r. 1421-1444 CE and 1446-1451 CE) won a decisive...

A 17th century CE painting by Jan Lievens of Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1174-1193 CE) and the French nobleman and king of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Guy of Lusignan (r. 1186-1192 CE), enemies during the siege of Acre from 1189-1191...

A map indicating the location of the Battle of Manzikert in August 1071 CE. The battle in Armenia was one of the greatest defeats suffered by the Byzantine Empire. The victorious Seljuk army led by the Sultan Alp Arslan famously captured...

The okapi-headed leopard-griffin, Byzantine Mosaic, Period: Early Byzantine, circa 6th. century CE. Place: Constantinople, (Modern Istanbul, Turkey). Great Palace Mosaic Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. The Great Palace Mosaic Museum was inaugurated...

Herdsman milking a goat: An old bearded shepherd is milking his goat and a boy is holding a milk jug. This scene reflects pastoral life. Period: Early Byzantine, circa 6th. century CE. Place: Constantinople, (Modern Istanbul, Turkey). Great...

An illustration of the Battle of Nicopolis (1396 CE) when Sultan Bayezid I (r. 1389-1402 CE) defeated a coalition European army. (Topkapi Palace, Istanbul) Scanned by Szilas from Török miniatúrák by Géza Fehér, Corvina 1978 CE, Budapest.

A 14th century CE manuscript illustration depicting Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1220-1250 CE), and the Sultan of Egypt and Syria al-Kamil (r. 1218-1238 CE) who negotiated the handing over of Jerusalem to Christian rule during the...

The minaret of the Ali Mosque Manar, Isfahan, Iran (1118-1157 CE). Erected during the reign of Seljuk sultan Sanjar (118-1157 CE). Decorated by two balconies. The shaft below the balconies embellished with interlocking stars in recess, altering...

Illustration of the 1366 battle on the Nile river, fought between the forces of the Mamluk emir Yalbugha (c. 14th Century CE-1366 CE) and the Sultan Al-Ashraf Sha'ban (r. 1363–1377).

The Monkey as a Bird-Catcher: The monkey under a date tree is holding a long stick in his hands and trying to catch birds. He has a wooden cage on his back with a bird on it. Monkeys are known to have been used in some chores. Period: Early...