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Repartimiento
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Repartimiento

The repartimiento system was a distribution of rights to Spanish colonialists and municipalities, which allowed them to extract forced but low-paid labour from local communities in conquered territories. Designed to replace the inefficient...
Cradles of Civilization - The Lunar/Solar Calendar
Video by DrDavidNeiman

Cradles of Civilization - The Lunar/Solar Calendar

The Babylonians developed a calendar based on the moon and sun cycles. The Lunar calendar was designed to work in conjunction with the solar cycle by adding leap months known an "intercalary" months.
The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System

This infographic illustrates the Varna caste system in ancient India. First mentioned in the Rig Veda's Purusha Sukta c. 1200–1000 BCE, it shows society divided into four groups that emerged from the sacrifice of Purusha, a transcendent and...
The Dowding  System of WWII
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Dowding System of WWII - How Radar, Intelligence, and Coordination Foiled the Luftwaffe and Won the Battle of Britain

This infographic illustrates the Dowding System, Britain’s groundbreaking air defense network that played a critical role in winning the Battle of Britain during World War II. Designed by Air Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding (1882–1970), it was...
Smugglers During the Continental System
Image by John Augustus Atkinson and William Miller

Smugglers During the Continental System

Smugglers in 1808, defying the Continental System. Etching by John Augustus Atkinson and William Miller, 1808. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London.
Ra (Egyptian God)
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ra (Egyptian God)

Ra (also given as Re) is the sun god of ancient Egypt. He is one of the oldest deities in the Egyptian pantheon and was later merged with others such as Horus, becoming Ra-Horakhty (the morning sun), Amun (as noonday sun), and Atum (the evening...
Ancient Persian Governors
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Persian Governors

The Achaemenid Persian Empire functioned as well as it did because of the efficient bureaucracy established by its founder Cyrus the Great (r. c. 550-530 BCE) which was administered through the satrapy system. A Persian governor of a province...
Shushtar Hydraulic System, Iran
Image by Carole Raddato

Shushtar Hydraulic System, Iran

The Shushtar Hydraulic System is a Sasanian era (3rd century CE) water irrigation system in Shushtar in Iran that included watermills, dams, tunnels and canals. The mills, one of which is still functioning, were used to grind wheat and barley...
Gezer Water System (Under Excavation)
Image by Oren Rozen

Gezer Water System (Under Excavation)

The entrance to the water system at Tel Gezer in central Israel. This photo was taken during the 2011 excavations of the water system by the New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary. The water system is believed to have been built during...
The Sun & the Moon in Norse Myth
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

The Sun & the Moon in Norse Myth

In Norse mythology, the Sun and the Moon appear as personified siblings pulling the heavenly bodies and chased by wolves, or as plain objects. Written sources, such as the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, have surprisingly little to say about...
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