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Walls of Amberd and Slopes of Mt Aragats
Although the architecture of Amberd Fortress in what is present-day Armenia looks simple, its medieval walls were constructed from massive basalt tiles, which protected the fortress invasions and sieges. Some...
Definition
Roman Standard
The Roman Standard (Latin: Signum or Signa Romanum) was a pennant, flag, or banner, suspended or attached to a staff or pole, which identified a Roman legion (infantry) or Equites (cavalry). The Standard of a cavalry unit was emblazoned...
Definition
Roman Law
Roman laws covered all facets of daily life. They were concerned with crime and punishment, land and property ownership, commerce, the maritime and agricultural industries, citizenship, sexuality and prostitution, slavery and manumission...
Definition
Roman Britain
Britain was a significant addition to the ever-expanding Roman Empire. For decades, Rome had been conquering the Mediterranean Sea – defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars, overwhelming Macedon and Greece, and finally marching into...
Definition
Roman Republic
In the late 6th century BCE, the small city-state of Rome overthrew the shackles of monarchy and created a republican government that, in theory if not always in practice, represented the wishes of its citizens. From this basis...
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The Splendours of Roman Algeria
Algeria, Africa's largest country, stretches from the Mediterranean coastline to the Saharan desert interior. The country has some of the finest and most diverse Roman sites, including Timgad and Djémila, both well-preserved...
Definition
Roman Legionary
The Roman legionary was a well-trained and disciplined foot soldier, fighting as part of a professional well-organized unit, the legion (Latin: legio), established by the Marian Reforms. While major tactical changes appeared during...
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Walls of Jericho
Exacvated remains of the fabled walls of Jericho, c. 8000 BCE. The stone wall was originally 3.6 meters (11.8 feet) high and 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) wide at the base.
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Piraeus & The Long Walls
An illustration of the Long Walls fortifications which connected the city of Athens to its port of Piraeus from the 5th century BCE.
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Crusaders at the Walls of Jerusalem
A 19th century CE painting by Francesco Hayez of the First Crusaders at the walls of Jerusalem in 1099 CE. (Royal Palace of Turin, Italy)