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The Hittites
Definition

The Hittites

The Hittites occupied the ancient region of Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey) prior to 1700 BCE, developed a culture apparently from the indigenous Hatti (and possibly the Hurrian) people, and expanded their...
Alexander Helios
Definition

Alexander Helios

Alexander Helios (40 BCE – c. late 1st century BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, the second oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69 BCE – 30 BCE) and the twin brother of Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE – 5 BCE). He spent the majority...
Stela of Idi from the Old Kingdom of Egypt
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Stela of Idi from the Old Kingdom of Egypt

Only this part of a large limestone stela has survived. At the lower end, there is a head of a man with a beard (originally painted with red). The hieroglyphic inscriptions read "the head lector priest, sole...
Curse Tablet from Pella, Ancient Kingdom of Macedonia
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Curse Tablet from Pella, Ancient Kingdom of Macedonia

Pella curse tablet, lead scroll, first half of the 4th century BCE. Writing and dedicating a curse tablet (katadesmos) was an act of practical magic in the Greco-Roman world. Curse tablets were fragmental...
Commagene
Definition

Commagene

The Kingdom of Commagene (163 BCE - 72 CE) was a Hellenistic political entity, heavily influenced by Armenian and ancient Persian culture and traditions, established in southwestern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) by Ptolemaeus of Commagene...
Late Period of Ancient Egypt
Definition

Late Period of Ancient Egypt - The End of Egyptian Rule of Egypt

The Late Period of Egypt (525-332 BCE) is the era following the Third Intermediate Period (1069-525) and preceding the brief Hellenistic period (332-323 BCE) when Egypt was ruled by the Argead...
The Westcar Papyrus
Definition

The Westcar Papyrus

The ancient Egyptians enjoyed storytelling as one of their favorite pastimes. Inscriptions and images, as well as the number of stories produced, give evidence of a long history of the art of the story in Egypt dealing with...
Claudius Ptolemy
Definition

Claudius Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 to c. 170 CE) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. His works survived antiquity and the Middle Ages intact, and his theories, particularly on a geocentric model of the universe...
Mutapa
Definition

Mutapa

Mutapa (aka Matapa, Mwenemutapa, and Monomotapa) was a southern African kingdom located in the north of modern Zimbabwe along the Zambezi River which flourished between the mid-15th and mid-17th century CE. Although sometimes described...
Aethelwulf of Wessex
Definition

Aethelwulf of Wessex

Aethelwulf (r. 839-858) was King of Wessex, a region in modern-day Britain, son and successor to Egbert of Wessex (r. 802-839), who had unified and expanded his kingdom with Aethelwulf's assistance. Aethelwulf fought at the...
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