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The Banquet Stele of Ashurnasirpal II
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Banquet Stele of Ashurnasirpal II

When he came to the throne in 884 BCE, Ashurnasirpal II had to attend to revolts which broke out across the empire. He ruthlessly put down all rebellions, destroyed the rebel cities and, as a warning to others, impaled, burned, and flayed...
The Mutual Destruction of Sennacherib & Babylon
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Mutual Destruction of Sennacherib & Babylon

The reign of Assyrian king Sennacherib (705-681 BCE) was chiefly characterized by his difficulties with Babylon. Throughout the history of the Assyrian Empire, Babylon had caused problems and had even been destroyed by the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta...
Sammu-Ramat and Semiramis: The Inspiration and the Myth
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Sammu-Ramat and Semiramis: The Inspiration and the Myth

Sammu-Ramat (r. 811-806 BCE) was the queen regent of the Assyrian Empire who held the throne for her young son Adad Nirari III (r. 811-783 BCE) until he reached maturity. She is also known as Shammuramat, Sammuramat, and, most notably, as...
The Median Empire and the Ancient Near East, c. 600 BCE
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Median Empire and the Ancient Near East, c. 600 BCE

A map illustrating the rise and expansion of the Median Empire in the wake of the Bronze Age Collapse and the disintegration of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (c. 609 BCE). While the Neo-Babylonian Empire engulfed the Fertile Crescent from the Levantine...
Tiglath Pileser I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Tiglath Pileser I

Tiglath Pileser I (reigned 1115-1076 BCE), an Assyrian king of the period known as the Middle Empire, revitalized the economy and the military that had been suffering, more or less, since the death of the king Tukulti Ninurta I (1244-1208...
Inscribed Brick at the Processional Way of Babylon
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Inscribed Brick at the Processional Way of Babylon

This is an original brick in of the walls of the processional way (or street) at the ancient city of Babylon, in modern-day Iraq. The name of the builder (the neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II) appears in the cuneiform inscription. Neo-Babylonian...
Early Judaism
Article by William Brown

Early Judaism

During the period of early Judaism (6th century BCE - 70 CE), Judean religion began to develop ideas which diverged significantly from 10th-to-7th-centuries BCE Israelite and Judean religion. In particular, this period marks a significant...
Mesopotamian Education
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Education

Mesopotamian education was invented by the Sumerians following the creation of writing c. 3500 BCE. The earliest schools were attached to temples but later established in separate buildings in which the scribes of ancient Mesopotamia learned...
Scribes in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Scribes in Ancient Mesopotamia

Scribes in ancient Mesopotamia were highly educated individuals trained in writing and reading on diverse subjects. Initially, their purpose was in recording financial transactions through trade, but in time, they were integral to every aspect...
Bangkok's Portuguese Past
Article by Kim Martins

Bangkok's Portuguese Past

Any itinerary for a visit to Bangkok, Thailand would include some of the city's must-see historical and cultural sights: The 24-hour flower market (Pak Khlong Talat) filled to the brim with jasmine-scented garlands, fragrant carnations...
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