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Archaeological Ruins at Mohenjo-daro (UNESCO/NHK)
The ruins of the huge city of Moenjodaro — built entirely of unbaked brick in the 3rd millennium B.C. — lie in the Indus valley. The acropolis, set on high embankments, the ramparts, and the lower town, which is laid out according to strict...

Definition
Aryan
Aryan is a designation originally meaning “civilized”, “noble”, or “free” without reference to any ethnicity. It was first applied as a self-identifying term by a migratory group of people from Central Asia later known as Indo-Iranians (who...

Image Gallery
A Gallery of the Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 7000-c. 600 BCE) is among the oldest in the world but, as it was only “discovered” in 1829 – after ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian sites had already been excavated – many of the “firsts” of civilization...

Definition
Hinduism
Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world, originating in Central Asia and the Indus Valley, still practiced in the present day. The term Hinduism is what is known as an exonym (a name given by others to a people, place, or concept) and...

3D Image
Seal from Mohenjo-daro
Steatite Seal Width: 1.87 inches Date: 2600-1900 BCE Indus seal from Mohenjo-daro, modern Pakistan, about 2600 to 1900 BCE. Some of the earliest evidence of the use of symbols and script in India, from the Indus Valley cities of Mohenjo-daro...

Image
Map of the Indus Valley Civilization, c.3300-1300 BCE - Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and the Roots of Civilization in the Bronze Age Subcontinent
This map illustrates the extent and key urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization (circa 3300–1300 BCE), one of the world’s earliest complex societies. Spanning parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, this civilization was...

Definition
The Vedas
The Vedas are the religious texts which inform the religion of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”). The term veda means “knowledge” in that they are thought to contain the fundamental knowledge...

Definition
Gandhara Civilization
The Gandhara Civilization existed in what is now Northern Pakistan and Afghanistan from the middle of the 1st millennium BCE to the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE. Although multiple major powers ruled over this area during that time...

Video
Introduction to the Indus Valley Civilization
Introduction to the Indus Valley Civilization - who were they? Where was the Indus Valley? Why are we so interested in them? All of these questions and more will be answered in this video! The Indus Valley Civilization- named for the Indus...

Image
Shiva Pashupati
Seal discovered during the excavation of the Mohenjo-daro archaeological site in the Indus Valley has drawn attention as a possible representation of a "yogi" or "proto-Shiva" figure. This "Pashupati" (Lord of Animals, Sanskrit paśupati...