Mesoamerican civilization: Did you mean...?

The pathways toward early civilization and complex society between c. 12,000 and 1000 BCE were neither uniform nor linear. After the end of the last Ice Age, climatic and environmental change encouraged communities in different parts of the...

The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) was one of the earliest complex societies of the Bronze Age world, extending across parts of present-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Its most developed phase, often called the Mature Harappan...

A map showing the extent of the Chavin civilization (900-200 BCE) and its religious centre Chavin de Huantar, a celebrated site of pilgrimage.

An artist's impression of Harappa and the Indus Valley Civilization, depicting fields and cities in ancient India. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.

The Mesoamerican Terminal Classic period (c. 800-925) saw one of the most dramatic civilization collapses in history. Within a century or so the flourishing Classic Maya civilization fell into a permanent decline when once-great cities were...

Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day southern Iraq and parts of Kuwait), which has long been considered the cradle of civilization. The name comes from Akkadian, the language of the north of Mesopotamia, and...

A map showing the extent of Etruria and the Etruscan civilization. The map includes the 12 cities of the Etruscan League and notable cities founded by the Etruscans. Based on a map from The National Geographic Magazine Vol.173 No.6 June...

Map of the Indus Valley Civilization, Mature Harappan Phase

The map shows the extent of the Harappan or Indus Civilization along with the various neolithic sites in the region.

A map indicating the location of the Nazca civilization, 200 BCE - 500 CE, on the southern coast of Peru.