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Natural Rights & the Enlightenment
The idea of natural rights is the concept used in philosophy and legal studies that a person has certain rights from birth and which, because they were not awarded by a particular state or legal authority, cannot be removed, that is, they...
Article
The Transatlantic Zeppelins - A Golden Age of Air Travel
Transatlantic Zeppelins carried passengers in relative luxury between Germany and New York or Rio de Janeiro during the 1920s and 1930s. The airships Graf Zeppelin and Hindenburg crossed the Atlantic in two or three days, faster than contemporary...
Definition
Bartholomew Roberts
Bartholomew Roberts, aka 'Black Bart' Roberts (c. 1682-1722), was a Welsh pirate and one of the most successful villains of the Golden Age of Piracy. Roberts plundered over 400 ships on both sides of the Atlantic during his infamous three-year...
Definition
Ajanta
Approximately 67 miles (107 km) to the north of Aurangabad in the Indhyadri range of Western Ghats lie the caves of Ajanta. The 30 caves, famous for their early Buddhist temple architecture and many delicately drawn murals, are located in...
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Elizabeth I & the Power of Image
Aware of the power of appearances, Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE) carefully controlled her image throughout her reign and through costume, hair, jewellery, and art, she presented herself as the great Virgin Queen. Like a goddess...
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Illustration of Hildegard of Bingen from Scivias
A depiction of Hildegard of Bingen (1098 - 1179 CE) receiving divine inspiration and dictating to a scribe. This illustration is copied from the frontispiece to the Rupertsberg manuscript of Scivias, the name for which derives from the Latin...
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Erik the Red
Woodcut frontispiece depicting the Norse Viking Erik the Red, founder of the first Viking settlement in Greenland c. 985 CE, as found in the 1688 CE Icelandic publication of Arngrímur Jónsson's Gronlandia (Greenland). It is presently kept...
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Psalter of Basil II
An early 11th century CE depiction of Byzantine emperor Basil II (r. 976-1025 CE) being crowned and armed by archangels. He is being blessed by God from above and worshipped by military saints on both sides. Below, courtiers and defeated...
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Epictetus
An artistic impression of the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus. Engraved frontispiece of Edward Ivie’s Latin translation (or versification) of Epictetus’ Enchiridon, printed in Oxford in 1751 CE.
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Chaucer Reading His Poetry to the English Court
This full-page illustration depicts Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 - 1400 CE) reading his poem Troilus and Criseyde to the court of Richard II of England (1367 - 1400 CE). This copy of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde was made c. 1415 - 1425 CE...