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A Gallery of 45 Administrative Centers of the Early Roman Empire
Image Gallery by Ibolya Horváth

A Gallery of 45 Administrative Centers of the Early Roman Empire

As the Roman Republic transformed into an empire that encircled the entire Mediterranean and cities across the provinces undertook Roman government functions, they also developed distinctly Roman features such as a Roman forum, Roman baths...
Sassanian Kings List & Commentary
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Sassanian Kings List & Commentary

The Sassanian Empire (224-651) was the greatest expression of Persian culture in the ancient world. It was consciously modeled on the earlier Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which established Persian supremacy in the region and developed...
Faces of the Roman Empire: From Augustus to Domitian
Image Gallery by Arienne King

Faces of the Roman Empire: From Augustus to Domitian

A series of facial reconstructions of early Roman emperors from the Julio-Claudian dynasty (27 BCE - 68 CE) to the Flavian dynasty (69-96 CE). From the peaceful reign of Augustus (27 BCE - 14 CE), Rome's first emperor, to the chaotic Year...
Genghis Khan & the Mongol Empire
Collection by Mark Cartwright

Genghis Khan & the Mongol Empire

Through the 13th and 14th century CE the Mongols forged the largest connected empire the world had ever seen and such figures as Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan were feared as the devil himself, their mounted warriors conquering for their leaders...
White Hun (Huna) Empire
Image by John Huntington

White Hun (Huna) Empire

The map shows the extent of the White Hun empire along with the various rulers as well as the neighboring states.
Copper Coin from Manikyala Stupa
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Copper Coin from Manikyala Stupa

As the stupa (Buddhist monument) had been enlarged and rebuilt over the centuries, worshippers added new deposits. When he opened the stupa, General Ventura recognized that the deeper objects were the oldest ones. The last dedication, "deposit...
Peace of Westphalia
Definition by Elliott Gibson

Peace of Westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia, the name given to the multiple treaties, marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War. Signed on 24 October 1648, it aimed to secure political autonomy for the multitude of small states that made up the Holy Roman...
Assyrian Warfare
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Assyrian Warfare

Assyria began as a small trading community centered at the ancient city of Ashur and grew to become the greatest empire in the ancient world prior to the conquests of Alexander the Great and, after him, the Roman Empire. While the Assyrians'...
Ancient Persian Art and Architecture
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Persian Art and Architecture

Persian art and architecture in the present day is associated with the nation of Iran and usually designated as beginning with the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) but has an even longer history with its origins dating back to before the...
Ancient India
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient India

India is a country in South Asia whose name comes from the Indus River. The name 'Bharata' is used as a designation for the country in their constitution referencing the ancient mythological emperor, Bharata, whose story is told, in part...
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