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Mark Antony
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius (l. 83-30 BCE, known popularly as Mark Antony) was a Roman general and statesman best known for his love affair with Cleopatra VII (l. c.69-30 BCE) of Egypt. As Julius Caesar's friend and right-hand man, he gave the funeral...
Zenobia
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Zenobia

Zenobia (b. c. 240 CE, death date unknown) was the queen of the Palmyrene Empire who challenged the authority of Rome during the latter part of the period of Roman history known as The Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE also known as...
Social War
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Social War

The Social War (also called the Marsi War or the War of the Allies) of 91-87 BCE was the result of decades of contention between Rome and its Italian allies. Roman warfare relied heavily on the Italian allies (socii), but the Roman Republic...
Ptolemy of Mauretania
Definition by Arienne King

Ptolemy of Mauretania

Ptolemy of Mauretania (r. 23-40 CE) was king of Mauretania and one of the last surviving members of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His father Juba II (c. 48 BCE to 23 CE) was a Numidian royal and his mother Cleopatra Selene II (40 to c. 5 BCE) was...
The Battle of Actium: Birth of an Empire
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Battle of Actium: Birth of an Empire

The battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BCE concluded the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BCE) and consolidated Rome's power in the Mediterranean, finally resulting in Greece becoming a province of Rome in 146 BCE. This engagement is sometimes...
Colosseum (Amphitheatrum Flavium), c. 70-80 C.E., Rome
Video by Smarthistory

Colosseum (Amphitheatrum Flavium), c. 70-80 C.E., Rome

More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=9wguQaBYKec Colosseum (Amphitheatrum Flavium), c. 70-80 C.E., Rome Speakers: Valentina Follo (courtesy of Context Travel), Dr. Beth Harris, Dr. Steven Zucker Cover photo by Julia Avra...
The Role of Women in the Roman World
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Role of Women in the Roman World

The exact role and status of women in the Roman world, and indeed in most ancient societies, has often been obscured by the biases of both ancient male writers and 19-20th century CE male scholars, a situation only relatively recently redressed...
Family of Septimius Severus
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Family of Septimius Severus

This is the only preserved ancient painting of the imperial family of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus. Here, we can see his wife Julia Domna and his sons, Caracalla and Geta, in full regalia. After the murder of Geta on the behalf of...
Bust of Agrippina the Elder from Pergamon
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bust of Agrippina the Elder from Pergamon

Agrippina the Elder was the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, as well as being the spouse of Germanicus. Marble. First half of the first century CE. From Pergamon, Bergama, in modern-day Turkey. (Museum of Archaeology...
Fresco of Panis Quadratus, or Panis Siligineus
Image by Farrell Monaco

Fresco of Panis Quadratus, or Panis Siligineus

A fresco from the House of Julia Felix in Pompeii, Italy. The fresco depicts different kinds of Roman breads, and is on display in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.
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