Investiture: Did you mean...?

The Investiture Controversy, also referred to as the Investiture Contest or Investiture Dispute, was a conflict lasting from 1076 to 1122 between the papacy of the Catholic Church and the Salian Dynasty of German monarchs who ruled the Holy...

Sasanian relief in Taq-e Bostan (Iran) depicting the investiture of Ardashir II (r. 379-383 CE), the Sasanian King of Kings. Ardashir II appears in the middle, receiving the diadem from his predecessor Shapur II (r. 309-379 CE) (or Ahura...

This fresco mural depicts Zimri-Lim, the last king of Mari. It was likely created c. 1775 BCE when Zimri-Lim regained the throne of Mari for the Amorite "Lim Dynasty" from Shamsi-Adad's son, Yasmakh-Adad. The mural depicts Zimri-Lim receiving...

Matilda of Canossa (c. 1046-1115), the Countess of Tuscany (r. 1055-1115) and Vice-Queen of Italy (r. 1111-1115), was the final head of the noble House of Canossa following the deaths of her father in 1052 and her elder brother in 1055. One...

"The Holy Roman Empire was in no way holy, nor Roman, nor an empire," wrote Voltaire, and this interpretation still dominates the popular imagination, so the Holy Roman Empire is treated as a bad joke, a pale parody of the glory of Rome...

The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...

The installation and investiture of Bishop Saint Audomar of Thérouanne (early 7th century - c. 670) in 637 by Dagobert I (r. 629-639), King of the Franks. From the illuminated manuscript of the Life of Saint Omer; 11th century, Chapter of...

Tsar (also czar) is a Slavic term derived from the Latin caesar. Ivan III (Ivan the Great) (r. 1462-1505) was the first Russian ruler to begin using the title of tsar during his reign instead of the title Grand Prince of Moscow. His grandson...

Robert Guiscard (1015-1085) was a Norman knight best known for conquering much of Southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th century. His many exploits include the expulsion of the Byzantines from Italy, support of a reformist papacy, and...

The Castles of Bellinzona are a set of three medieval fortifications located in and surrounding the city of Bellinzona, which is located in Canton Ticino, Switzerland. These castles are the only remaining examples in the Alpine region of...