Hernan: Did you mean...?

The two sieges of Cusco in 1536-7 were the last great military actions by the Incas as they tried to reclaim their empire from the Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro (c. 1478-1541). The European cavalry proved all but invincible...

To climatologists, the period of seven to twelve centuries ago was known as a "Climate Anomaly" or a "Warm Period" (800-1300 CE). To archaeologists, it was a time of great change, a period when cultural patterns were put into place that lasted...

The Mexica (commonly referred to as the Aztecs) emerged as a dominant power in central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period, culminating in the formation of the Triple Alliance (1427/28 CE) between Tenochtitlán, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan...

A 1728 illustration of Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar (1465-1524) was a Spanish conquistador who conquered Cuba in 1511, became the island’s governor for the next decade, and sponsored the expedition of Hernán Cortés (1485-1547) which conquered...

La Malinche statue with the coat of arms of Oluta, sculputure by the Municipal Council of Oluta, photograph by Isaac Vásquez (Isaacvp), Oluta, Mexico, 27 February, 2022. This statue depicts La Malinche, a controversial figure in the history...

In which John Green explores how Spain went from being a middling European power to one of the most powerful empires on Earth, thanks to their plunder of the New World in the 16th and 17th centuries. Learn how Spain managed to destroy the...

Timothy R. Pauketat is an American archaeologist, director of the Illinois State Archaeological Survey, the Illinois State Archaeologist, and professor of anthropology and medieval studies at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana...