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Definition
Richard Wagner
Richard Wagner (1813-1883) was a German composer of Romantic music most famous for his epic operas like The Ring, Tannhäuser, and Tristan and Isolde. Wagner was concerned throughout his career with the theme of redemption through love and...
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Cosmetics in the Ancient World
The wearing of cosmetics and perfumes by both men and women goes back a very long way indeed as the ancients were just as keen as anyone to improve their appearance as quickly and as easily as possible using all manner of powders, creams...
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The Spartacus Revolt
The revolt of the gladiator Spartacus in 73-71 BCE remains the most successful slave revolt in the history of Rome. The rebellion is known as the Third Servile War and was the last of three major slave revolts which Rome suppressed. The story...
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Italian Colonialism in Eritrea
Eritrea, located on the Red Sea coast of the Horn of Africa, was the ‘firstborn’ colony of Italy. The potential of a trade centre and naval base at Assab first attracted Italian interests in 1869. The Kingdom of Italy, however, did not officially...
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A Visitor's Guide to Oplontis, Stabiae & Boscoreale
More than 2,000 years ago, extremely wealthy Romans lived on the sunny shores of the Bay of Naples at Pompeii and in opulent villas nearby, unconcerned about Mount Vesuvius in the distance. Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE), Augustus (r. 27 BCE...
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Battle of Bir Hakeim - The Heroic Defence by Free French Forces in Libya
The defence by Free French forces of the remote desert watering hole of Bir Hakeim (Hacheim) in Libya, North Africa in May-June 1942 during the Second World War (1939-45) is one of the most heroic episodes in French military history. Although...
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Roger I & Robert Guiscard Receive the Keys to Palermo
Painting of Robert Guiscard and Roger Bosso receiving the keys to the city of Palermo. The city fell to Norman armies in January 1072, after nearly six months of siege.
Fresco by Guiseppe Patania, Palazzo dei Normanni, Palermo, 1830.
Image Gallery
A Gallery of Italian Colonialism
The history of Italian colonialism unfolded in a relatively short period, between the late 19th century and the Second World War (1939-45). After the unification of Italy, the young kingdom sought to establish itself as a European power...
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Motya Charioteer
The Motya Charioteer, marble statue depicting a charioteer celebrating a victory in one of the Panhellenic Games, made by a Greek sculptor in Sicily, c. 460-450 BCE, found in 1979 on the Sicilian island of Motya. This is a very rare surviving...
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Battle between Horatii & Curiatii
Photograph of a Fresco in the Capitoline Museums, Rome. The fresco by Giuseppe Cesari is dated to 1612-13 CE. It depicts the duel between the Roman Horatii and Alban Curatii triplets during the reign of Tullus Hostilis.