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Frederick William II of Prussia
Portrait of Frederick William II of Prussia, print by Johan Frederick Clemens, London, 1793. Nephew of Frederick the Great, King Frederick William II ruled Prussia from 1786 until his death in 1797. Often overlooked in favor of his uncle...
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Frederick the Great of Prussia
Idealized depiction of Frederick the Great of Prussia, painting by Wilhelm Camphausen, Germany, 1870. This painting is a dramatized version of Frederick the Great painted almost a century after his death. The idealized form of the portrait...
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King Frederick William III of Prussia
King Frederick William III of Prussia (r. 1797-1840), oil on canvas portrait by an unknown artist, between 1830-1840.
Museum of Prussia, Minden, Germany.
Definition
Maria Theresa - The Great Habsburg Empress
Maria Theresa (1717-1780) was the ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy, a sprawling empire that included Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and other territories spread out across Italy, the Netherlands, and Central Europe. Though her ascension to the...
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Declaration of Pillnitz
The Declaration of Pillnitz was a joint statement issued on 27 August 1791 by Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1790-1792) and King Frederick William II of Prussia (r. 1786-1797). The declaration appealed to all European powers to unite...
Definition
Schmalkaldic War
The Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547) was fought between the Protestant Schmalkaldic League and the Catholic armies under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who, having failed to achieve religious unity of his subjects at the Diet of Augsburg in 1530...
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Teutonic Knight
A medieval Teutonic Knight was a member of the Catholic military Deutscher Orden or Teutonic Order, officially founded in March 1198 CE. The first mission of the Teutonic knights was to help retake Jerusalem from the Arabs in the Third Crusade...
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Early Explorers of the Maya Civilization: John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood
The names of John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood are forever linked to the Maya and Mayan studies as the two great explorers who documented the ruins from Copan in the south to Chichen Itza in the north. The stories told by Stephens...
Definition
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
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Portrait of Frederick the Great
Portrait of Frederick II (the Great), painting by Anton Graff, Berlin, 1781. A portrait of the King of Prussia, Frederick II (the Great), later in life at the age of 68. His military accomplishments during the Seven Year's War made him a...