European col: Did you mean...?

The systematic European colonization of North America unfolded between the first voyages of the 1490s and the outbreak of the French and Indian War in the 1750s. Spanish, French, English, and Dutch ambitions carved up the continent, with...

A cartoon in the French magazine "L'illustration" (January 3, 1885) presenting a critical view of the Berlin Conference 1884-5. It depicts Otto von Bismarck (1815-98), Chancellor of Germany, cutting a cake labeled 'Africa' with a knife, symbolizing...

Map of India with Sri Lanka, illustrating locations of European settlements in the subcontinent between 1501 and 1739.

Typical weapons and armour used in European warfare in the 16th century and by conquistadors in the New World. (Grand Master's Palace Armoury, Valletta, Malta)

A European brass planispheric astrolabe, made in Italy c. 1500. The astrolabe was a device used to measure the position of stars, time, and as a surveying tool. (Science Museum, London)

An illustration by Maia Kobabe showing a Western European Medieval castle. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.

A reverse-glass painting showing the European customs factories at Canton (modern Guangzhou, China) around 1805.

An illustration by Maia Kobabe showing a late victorian European colonialist. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.

Agriculture arose independently at several locations across the world, beginning about 12,000 years ago. The first crops and livestock were domesticated in six rather diffuse areas including the Near East, China, Southeast Asia, and Africa...

A romanticized portrait of Saladin, by Gustav Dore (made in the 19th century).