Emmanuel jose ??: Did you mean...?

Abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (1748-1836) as a member of the National Convention during the French Revolution (1789-99), engraving by François Bonneville, 1797. Bibliotheque nationale de France, Paris.

A statue of Robert du Guesclin (c.1320-1380 CE), a French knight and national hero also known as the ‘Eagle of Brittany’. (Sculptor: Emmanuel Fremiet. Dinan, France)

An 18th-century portrait of the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto (c. 1500-42) who fought in Panama, Nicaragua, and Peru to expand the Spanish Empire before turning to North America and exploring as far as the Mississippi River. Engraving...

The Guayaquil Conference, an 1822 meeting between libertadors José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar in Guayaquil, Ecuador to discuss the future of an independent Peru and an independent South America, painted by J. Collignon, 1843. Archivo...

After the Battle of Bailén (16-19 July 1808) an entire French army surrenders to Spanish forces. The largest defeat of a French army since 1794, the battle dispels the myth of invincibility surrounding Napoleonic France and convinces other...

Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer, photographed by the famous Cuban-American artist José María Mora.

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of major societal and political upheaval in France. It witnessed the collapse of the monarchy, the establishment of the First French Republic, and culminated in the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte...

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a Corsican-born French general and politician who reigned as Emperor of the French with the regnal name Napoleon I from 1804 to 1814 and then again briefly in 1815. He established the largest continental...

The Estates-General of 1789 was a meeting of the three estates of pre-revolutionary France: clergy, nobility, and commons. Summoned by King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) to deal with financial and societal crises, it ended with the Third...

The French Directory, or Directorate (French: le Directoire), was the government of France from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, a period that spanned the last four years of the French Revolution (1789-1799). The Directory was unpopular...